The anisotropy of hot-rolled steel plates is primarily due to the presence of inclusions. Although strength is little influenced by testing direction the tensile and notch ductility are highly direction-sensitive. A number offactors such as chemical composition and processing history affect the volume fraction, shape, and distribution of the inclusions, and these are discussed in relation to the directional variation of toughness. The influence of a number of other factors on anisotropy such as banding, texture, and grain shape, although of secondary importance, is also reviewed. The appearance of fissures on ductile fracture surfaces is indicative of the presence of anisotropy and the origin of such fissures and their effect on notch ductility is discussed.
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