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Abstract

The development of macro- and microstructural directionality in wrought steels is reviewed, factors influencing the solute and second-phase distributions in the initial as-cast structure being discussed. The solidification conditions affecting structure are outlined for conventional ingots, continuous casting, and secondary refining processes. Deformation of the as-cast structure produces the major directional features, inclusion distribution and matrix banding. Since the inclusion population makes a dominant contribution to the directionality of mechancal properties in many steels, the effects of homogenization and deformation on plastically deformable inclusions is indicated. The importance of desulphurization and inclusion shape modification is described. Transformation from a deformed austenitic structure can give rise to directional microstructures in hot-worked products. Recent work on directionality in controlled-rolled strip and plate is reviewed, with reference to grain structure inhomogeneity and texture development. Reference is made to specific process routes for products such as tool steels, forgings, plate, and strip to illustrate aspects of the development of microstructural directionality.

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Development of directionality in the processing of steels

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