Abstract
The dimensional measurement of bars and billets is currently not a widespread practice; however, in the near future where increasing yields, faster mill set-up time and automation of rolling processes are essential to optimize mill performance, instruments to perform this function will be in considerable demand. This paper provides an overall general description of the aspects involved in such measurements While contacting and non-contacting methods of measurement are considered, emphasis is placed upon non-contacting methods since these are most suited to the specific applications considered. Various physical principles have been successfully applied, such as X- and γ-ray absorption, imaging techniques, microwaves, eddy currents, and optical methods, ranging from intensity comparisons to scanning systems of the flying spot and flying image types. One section of the paper deals with the adverse effects of varying geometry and mill environment on the accuracy of instruments and suggests methods of overcoming them. The modus operandae of each non-contacting gauge type is discussed in some detail. Typical applications of these gauges conclude the paper.
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