Hall–Petch relationships of iron and steel

Abstract

The Hall–Petch relationships of iron and steel for the yield σ_y and flow σ_f stresses are investigated experimentally and theoretically. A simple theory is presented for the coupling between the slopes of the plots σ_y–d^−1/2 and σ_f–d^−1/2, where d is grain diameter. The physical meaning of the so called ‘intragranular friction stresses’ evaluated from the Hall–Petch plots is critically discussed.