When unalloyed or dilute-alloyed white cast iron is held at subcritical temperatures, in particular at 400–500°C, fine ferrite particles are found to precipitate as platelets from the eutectic cementite. The ferrite particles precipitate preferentially on the lattice imperfections in the cementite. As a result of the precipitation, the eutectic cementite approximates to stoichiometric Fe3C, which is in equilibrium with the ferrite at subcritical temperatures. The orientation relationship between the precipitated ferrite and the parent cementite is expressed as (101)c‖(112)α and [010]c‖[111]α, these planes and directions lying on the interface between the two phases.
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