The strengthening arising from fine ‘matrix-dot’ precipitation of vanadium carbide has been investigated in aged polycrystalline material. The precipitate particles are cuboidal with a cube“cube orientation relationship. The room-temperature flow stress may be reasonably described by an Orowan looping process above a particle edge length of ∼ 3.5 nm; for smaller particles, it can probably be attributed to dislocation cutting.
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