Abstract
Some key problems relating to high rate pulverised coal injection into the blast furnace are discussed, including furnace permeability in the lower furnace and raw materials quality, heat compensation and theoretical flame temperature, oxygen enrichment, material and gas distribution control and so on. A new method of calculation of theoretical flame temperatures is proposed, taking into account coal combustion efficiency in the raceway. Measures that should be taken for increasing coal injection rates are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Sherwood
T. K.
Shipley
G. H.
Holloway
F. AL. L.
: Ind. Eng. Chem ., 1938 , 30 , 765 .
2.
A. Mersman N
: Chem. Ing. Tech ., 1965 , 37 , 218 .
3.
Fukutake
T.
Rajakumar
R.
: Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn ., 1982 , 22 , 355 .
4.
Usui
T.
et al .: ISIJ Int ., 1993 , 33 , 687 .
5.
Pham
T. S.
et al .: Chem. Eng. Sci ., 1999 , 54 , 5339 .
6.
Beer
H.
Heynert
G.
: Stahl Eisen , 1964 , 84 , 1353 .
7.
Yamata
T.
et al .: Tech. Rep. Kawasaki Steel , 1974 , 6 , 16 (in Japanese) .
8.
Formoso
A.
Babich
A.
Gudenau
H. W.
Garcia
L.
Cores
A.
: ISIJ Int ., 1999 , 39 , 1134 – 1139.
9.
Brunnbauer
G.
Rummer
B.
Nogratnig
H.
Druckenthaner
H.
Schurz
B.
Schaler
M.
Stohl
K.
: ISS Ironmaking Conf. Proc ., 2000 , 60 , 677 – 688.
10.
Cheng
L.
: ‘Blast furnace technology and calculation ’, 230 ; 1991 , Beijing , Metallurgical Industry Press (in Chinese) .
11.
Gustavsson
J.
Andersson
M.
Jonsson
P.
: ISS Ironmaking Conf. Proc ., 2000 , 60 , 145 – 154.
12.
Wegmann
E. F.
: ‘A reference book for blast furnace operators’ (Transl. V. Afanasyev) , 38 –41 ; 1984 , Moscow , Mir Publishers .
13.
Biswas
A. K.
: ‘Principles of blast furnace ironmaking’ , 69 –71 ;1981 , Brisbane , Cootha Publishing House .
14.
Pehlke
R. D.
: ‘Unit processes of extractive metallurgy’ , 2nd printing , 320 ; 1975 , New York , Elsevier .
15.
Ohno
Y.
Matsu-Ura
M.
: Tetsu-to-Hagané (J. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn) , 1990 , 76 , 1262 .
16.
Zhang
T.
Lu
S.
: ‘Ironmaking ’, 457 – 464; 1986 , Beijing , Metallurgical Publishing House .
17.
Ishii
K.
(ed.) : ‘Advanced pulverized coal injection technology and blast furnace operation’ , 73 ; 2000 , Oxford, UK , Elsevier Science .
18.
Wang
G.
Wang
T.
Shen
F.
Yang
J.
: ‘Pulverized coal injection in modern blast furnaces’ , 137 , 166 ; 1997 , Beijing , Metallurgical Publishing House .
19.
Bonte
L.
Vervenne
R.
Stas
F.
Bekaert
R.
Danloy
G.
: Proc. ICSTI/Ironmaking Conf. , Toronto, Canada , March 1998 , 257 –278 .
20.
Guo
K.
: Ironmaking , 1998 , 17 , (6 ), 14 –18 (in Chinese) .
21.
Zhu
R.
Li
W.
: Proc. CSM Annual Meeting , Beijing , October 1999 , 86 –90 (in Chinese) .
22.
Guo
K.
Li
Z.
: Proc. Asia Steel Int. Conf. , Vol. B: ‘
Ironmaking’ , Beijing , September 2000 , Chinese Society for Metals , 17 –21 .
23.
Chen
J.
Hu
C.
: Proc. Nat. ‘Ironmaking production and technological’ Meeting , Maanshan, China , June 2002 , 61 –65 (in Chinese) .