Abstract
Slag practices and conditions that are optimal for stainless steel quality and good refractory performance are defined. Phase equilibria and computer modelling are used to simulate and predict refractory–slag and slag–metal interactions. The slag principles and requirements for foaming in the electric arc furnace are discussed. With converter slags, specific attention is given to the different effects of MgO and CaO on slag viscosity during the decarburisation step, and the dissolution kinetics during the reduction step. The chemical and physical interactions of ladle slags with liquid stainless steel are briefly discussed, and the complex slag–metal interactions during ladle processing of stainless steel are introduced.
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