The phase equilibria in the binary Ti–Al system are reviewed together with the transformations which occur involving aluminide phases of interest for the production of advanced high temperature materials. The difficulties encountered in the experimental determination of phase diagrams are highlighted. The role of ternary alloying elements, notably oxygen and β stabilising elements, is discussed in relation to their effects on the phase equilibria and transformations in aluminide based alloys.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
McANDREWJ. B. and KESSLERH. D.: J. Met., 1956, 8,1348.
2.
BLENKINSOPP. A., EVANSW. E., and FLOWERH. M. (eds.): ‘Titanium ‘95: proceedings of the 8th world titanium confer-ence’: 1996, London, The Institute of Materials.
3.
OGDENH. R., MAYKUTHD. J., FINLAYW. L., and JAFFEER. I.: Trans. AIME, 1951, 191, 1150–1155.
4.
BUMPSE. S., KESSLERH. D., and HANSENM.: J. Metall. Trans. AIME, 1952, 192, 609–614.
5.
SAGELK., SCHULTZE., and ZWICKERU.: Z. Metallkd., 1956, 47, 529–534.
6.
ROSENBERGH. W.: in ‘The science, technology and application of titanium’, (ed. JaffeeR. I. and PromiselN. E.), 851–859; 1970, Oxford, Pergamon.
7.
BLACKBURNM. J.: TransAIME, 1967, 239, 1200-1208.
8.
ARDAKANIM. G., SHOLLOCKB. A., and FLOWERH. M.: in Ref. 2,Vol. 3, 2242–2249.
9.
TSUJIMOTOT. and ADACHIM.: J. Inst. Met., 1966, 94, 368–363.
10.
MARTINP. L., LIPSITTH. A., NUFIFERN. T., and WILLIAMSJ. C.: in ‘Titanium 80: science and technology’, (ed. KimuraH. and IzumiO.), Vol. 2, 1245-1254; 1980, Warrendale, PA, TMS—AIME.
11.
SCHULLR. D., McALISTERA. J., and RENOR. C.: in ‘Titanium, science and technology, 1985’, (ed. LutjeringG. et al), Vol. 3, 1459–1466; 1985, Oberursel, DGM.
12.
MURRAYJ. L.: ‘Phase diagrams of binary titanium alloys’, 12–24; 1987, Materials Park, OH, ASM International.
BLACKBURNM. J.: in ‘The science, technology, and application of titanium’, (ed. JaffeeR. I. and PromiselN. E.), 633-642; 1970, London, Pergamon Press.
22.
DENQUINA. and NAKAS.: Acta Mater., 1996, 44, (1), 343–352.
23.
YAMAGUCHIM. and INUIH.: in ‘Ordered intermetallics: physical metallurgy, and mechanical behaviour’, (ed. LiuC. T. et al.), 217; 1992, Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic.
24.
APPELF., BEAVENP. A., and WAGNERR.: Acta Metall. Mater., 1993, 41, (6), 1721.
DENQUINA. and NAKAS.: Acta Mater., 1996,44, (1), 353–365.
28.
ABEE., KUMAGAIT., and NAKAMURAM.: Proc. Int. Symp. on ‘Structural intermetallics’, (ed. NathalM. V. et al), 167-176; 1997, Warrendale, PA, TMS.
29.
LiY. G. and LORETTOM. H.: Acta Metall. Mater., 1994,42, (6), 2009–2017.
30.
NANDYT. K., BANERJEED., and GOGIAA. K.: in ‘Proceedings of the 6th world Conference on titanium’, (ed. LacombeP. et al), Vol. 2, 943-948; 1989, Paris, Les Editions de Physique.
KIMURAM., HASHIMOTOK., and MORIKAWAH.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 1992, A152, 54.
33.
BUDBERGP. and SCHMID-FETZERR.: in ‘Ternary alloys’, (ed. PetzowG. and EffenbergG.), Vol. 7, 229-238; 1993, Weinheim, MSI/VCH.
34.
AHMEDT. and FLOWERH. M.: Mater. Sci. Technol., 1994, 10, 272–288.
35.
HELLWIGA., PALMM., and INDENG.: Illter Metaiiics, 1998, 6, 79–94.
36.
RHODESC. G.: Scr. Mater., 1998, 38, (4), 681–685.
37.
ROWER. G.: in ‘Titanium ‘92: science and technology’, (ed. FroesF. H. and CaplanI.), Vol. 1, 343-350; 1993, Warrendale, PA, TMS.
38.
ROWER. G. and LARSENM.: in Ref. 2,Vol. 1, 364–371.
39.
ARRELLD. J., FLOWERH. M., and KERRYS.: in ‘Titanium ‘92: science and technology’, (ed. FroesF. H. and CaplanI.), Vol. 2, 1003-1008; 1993, Warrendale, PA, TMS.
40.
KERRYs. and WINSTONEM. R.: Report DRA/SMC/CR940239/1, DRA, Farnborough, UK, 1994.
41.
BANERJEED., GOGIAA. K., NANDIT. K., and JOSIIIV. A.: Acta. Metall., 1988, 36, (4), 871–882.
42.
PEREPEZKOJ. H., JEWETTT. J., DASS., and MISHURDAJ. C.: Proc. Symp. SAMPE ‘92, Anaheim, CA, USA, April 1992, SAMPE.
43.
MIRACLED. B., FOSTERM. A., and RHODESC. G.: in Ref. 2,Vol. 1, 372–379.
44.
MURALEEDHARANK., GOGIAA. K., NANDYT. K., BANERJEED., and LuxS.: Metall. Trans. A, 1992, 23A, 401–415.
45.
ROWER. G., BANERJEED., MURALEEDHARANK., LARSENM., HALLE. L., KONITZERD. G., and WOODFIELDA. P.: in ‘Titanium ‘92: science and technology’, (ed. FroesF. H. and CaplanI.), Vol. 2, 1259-1266; 1993, Warrendale, PA, TMS.
