Abstract
The process of ferroelectric/ferroelastic switching is rate dependent as evidenced by the frequency dependence of the coercive field/stress in polarisation/strain–electric field/stress loops. The rate dependence of domain switching has been investigated in different compositions of ferroelectric/ferroelastic perovskites by studying their stress–strain hysteresis loops. Stress–strain loops were generated by applying a static compressive load and then superimposing cyclic compressive loads of different amplitudes and frequencies. The stress–strain loops were fitted using a Rayleigh type relationship, whose parameters characterise the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the strain. Using these parameters, the rate dependence of the extrinsic domain wall contribution was investigated.
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