The Charpy impact energy of the heat affected zone (HAZ) in a high strength low alloy steel is investigated by thermal simulation. The Charpy impact energy value first increases and then decreases with the increasing of cooling time. It is believed that this behaviour is closely related to changes in the amounts of martensite–austenite in the microstructures. Microstructural characterisation of the HAZ by TEM shows that the optimum Charpy impact energy values are associated with a microstructure consisting of lower bainite and a fine lath martensite.
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