Few Ti alloys have been designed for ease of sintering. This paper considers the design of alloys for processing using the mixed elemental technique, in which powders are mixed, cold pressed in a die to near net shape and sintered under vacuum at high temperature. The authors describe steps in the process of developing a Ti–Ni–Sn alloy, able to be sintered to near full density at a sintering temperature as low as 1100°C without requiring unusually fine powder or high compaction pressure. Higher sintering temperature allows the Ni content of the alloy to be reduced, but swelling of the alloy probably imposes an upper limit on practical sintering temperature. The increase in green density, and hence sintered density, conferred by Sn in Ti–Sn alloys, and the increase in sintered density due to the high diffusivity of Ni in Ti–Ni alloys, are combined in Ti–Ni–Sn alloys.
LiitjeringG. and WilliamsJ. C.: ‘Titanium’; 2007, Berlin, Springer-Verlag.
2.
KraftE. H.: Proc. Conf. Titanium 2005, Scottsdale, AZ, USA, September 2005, International Titanium Association.
3.
RobertsonI. M. and SchafferG. B.: Powder Metall, 2009, to be published.
4.
EstebanP. G., BolzoniL., Ruiz-NavasE. M. and GordoE.: Proc. 2008 World Cong. on ‘Powder metallurgy and particulate materials’, Washington, DC, USA, June 2008, MPIF, 5.161-5.174.
5.
SiqueiraR. P., SandimH. R. Z., HenriquesV. A. R. and LinsJ. F. C.: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2005, 498-499, 55–60.
6.
BohmA. and KiebackB.: Z. Metallkd, 1998, 89, 90–95.
7.
PanigrahiB. B., ReddyR. G., DasK. and GodkhindiM. M.: J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2007, 23, 363–366.
8.
LiuY., ChenL. F., TangH. P., LiuC. T., LiuB. and HuangB. Y.: Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, A418, 25–35.
9.
IvasishinO. M., AnokhinV. M., DemidikA. N. and SawakinD. G.: Key Eng. Mater., 2000, 188, 55–62.
10.
IvasishinO. M., SavvakinD. G., MoxsonV. S., BondarevaK. A. and FroesF. H.: Mater. Technol, 2002, 17, 20–25.
11.
MajimaK., KiharaM. and ShojiK.: J. Jpn Soc. Powder Powder Metall., 1985, 32, 294–300.
12.
MajimaK., YoshimuraY. and ShojiK.: J. Jpn Soc. Powder Powder Metall, 1987, 34, 205–210.
IvasishinO. M., BondarevaK. O., DekhtyarO. I., SavvakinD. G., GryhachevskyO. M. and TzkhonovychV. V.: Metallofiz. Nov. Tekhnol, 2004, 26, 963–980.
16.
WeiW. F., LiuY., TangH. P., ChenL. F. and ZhouK. C.: Rare Met. Mater. Eng., 2004, 33, 1143–1148.
17.
IkedaY., TakakiS., KamadaM. and TokunagaY.: J. Jpn Soc. Powder Powder Metall., 1993, 40, 774–779.
18.
ThiemeM., WietersK. P., BergnerF., ScharnweberD., WorchH., NdopJ., KimT. J. and GrillW.: J. Mater. Sci., Mater. Med., 2001, 12, 225–231.
19.
ArensburgerD. S., PuginV. S. and FedorchenkoI. M.: Powder Metall Met. Ceram., 1970, 9, 292–296.
20.
LiuY., WeiW.-F., ZhouK.-C., ChenL.-F. and TangH.-P.: J. Cent. South Univ. Technol, 2003, 10, 81–86.
21.
MajimaK. and IsomotoT.: J. Jpn Soc. Powder Powder Metall., 1982, 29, 280–285.
22.
RobertsonI. M. and SchafferG. B.: Metall Mater. Trans. A, 2008, to be published.
23.
KyogokuH., KomatsuS., IsaoT. and TakuoT.: J. Jpn Soc. Powder Powder Metall, 1995, 42, 1052–1056.
24.
KimM., ChenP. C. and VedulaK.: in ‘Modern developments in powder metallurgy’, Vol. 16, ‘Ferrous and non-ferrous materials’, 547-562; 1984, Princeton, NJ, MPIF.
25.
AndersenP. J.: ‘Sintered powdered titanium alloy and method of producing the same’, US Patent 4432795, 1984.
26.
AndersenP. J. and EloffP. C.: in ‘Powder metallury of titanium alloys’, (ed.FroesF. H. and SmugereskyJ. E.), 175–187; 1980, Warrendale, PA, AIME.
27.
ParkJ. S., ToazM. W., RoD. H. and AquaE. N.: in ‘Titanium net shape technologies’, 95-105; 1984, Warrendale, PA, Metallurgical Society of AIME.
28.
FujitaT., OgawaA., OuchiC. and TajimaH.: Mater. Sci Eng. A, 1996, A213, 148–153.
29.
Anon.: Adv. Mater. Processes, 2005, 163, 21.
30.
AlmanD. E. and GerdemannS. J.: PIM Sci Technol. Briefs, 2004, 6, 11–14.
31.
KatoK.: J. Jpn Soc. Powder Powder Metall., 1999, 46, 865–869.
32.
UetaM. C. C., FracoteC. A., HenriquesV. A. R., GragaM. L. A. and CairoC. A. A.: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2005, 498-499, 211–216.
33.
MajimaK., KitagakiK., YamamotoM. and ShojiK.: J. Jpn Soc. Powder Powder Metall, 1986, 33, 145–152.
34.
AnokhinV. M., IvasishinO. M. and PetrunkoA. N.: Mater. Sci Eng. A, 1998, A243, 269–272.
35.
GerdemannS. J. and AlmanD. E.: Proc. Conf. PM2TEC 2000, New York, USA, May—June 2000, MPIF, 12.41-12.52.
36.
BhosleV., BaburajE. G., MiranovaM. and SalamaK.: Metall Mater. Trans. A, 2003, 34A, 2793–2799.
37.
OkamotoH.: ‘Desk handbook: phase diagrams for binary alloys’; 2000, Materials Park, OH, ASM International.
