Ethnically diverse special educators are in short supply not only in urban and suburban schools, but in rural areas as well. Finding teachers who meet the highly-qualified definition under the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 worsen the shortage problem. This article addresses the impact of the definition of highly-qualified teachers on the recruitment and retention of ethnically diverse special educators and provides some suggested solutions for rural schools and districts to consider.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Berry,B. (2004). Recruiting and retaining “highly qualified teachers” for hard-to-staff schools.NAASP Bulletin, 88, 5–27.
2.
Bloomfield,D. C., & Cooper,B. S.(2003). NCLB: A new role for the federal government.T.H.E. Journal, 30(10), 6–9.
3.
Campbell-Whatley,G. D. (2003). Recruiting and retaining of culturally and linguistically diverse groups in special education: Defining the problem.Teacher Education and Special Education, 26, 255–263.
4.
Cook,L. H., & Boe,E. E.(1995). Who is teaching students with disabilities?TEACHING Exceptional Children, 28, 70–72.
5.
Council for Exceptional Children (2004, November). The new IDEA: CEC's summary of significant issues. Arlington, VA: Author. Retrieved December 7, 2004 from http://www.cec.sped.org/pp/IDEA_120204.pdf
6.
Council for Exceptional Children (2000). Bright futures for exceptional learners: An action agenda to achieve quality conditions for teaching and learning. Reston, VA: Author.
7.
Darling-Hammond,L., & Youngs,P.(2002). Defining “highly qualified teachers”: What does “scientifically-based research” actually tell us?Educational Researcher, 31(9), 13–25.
8.
Daunic,A. P., Correa,V. I., & Reyes-Blanes,M. E. (2004). Teacher preparation for culturally diverse classrooms: Performance-based assessment of beginning teachers.Teacher Education and Special Education, 27, 105–118.
9.
Dieker,L., Voltz,D., & Epanchin,B.(2002). Report of the Wingspread Conference: Preparing teachers to work with diverse learners.Teacher Education and Special Education, 25, 1–10.
10.
Fordham Foundation (1999). The teachers we want and how to get more of them: A manifesto.Washington, DC: Author.
11.
Gallegos,A., & McCarty,L. L.(2000). Bilingual multicultural special education: An integrated personnel preparation program.Teacher Education and Special Education, 23, 264–270.
12.
Hampton,E. M., & Cashman,T. G.(2004). The highly questionable “highly qualified” label.Action in Teacher Education, 26(2), 15–23.
13.
National Association of State Boards of Education and American Association of School Administrators (2003). No child left behind: A guide for small and rural districts. Alexandria, VA: Author.
14.
National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (2002, June 13). Statement of Arthur E. Wise, President, NCATE, on the release of Meeting the Highly Qualified Teachers Challenge, the U.S. Department of Education Report of Teacher Quality. Retrieved July 21, 2003 from: http:www.ncate.org/newsbrfs/hqt_602.htm.
15.
National Education Association (1998). Status of public education in rural areas and small towns: A comparative analysis. Retrieved October 25, 2004 from http://www.nea.org/rural/companal-rural.html
Patton,J. M., Williams,B. T., Floyd,L. O., & Cobb,T. R.(2003). Recruiting and retaining culturally and linguistically diverse teachers in special education: Models for successful personnel preparation.Teacher Education and Special Education, 26, 288–303.
19.
Quality in question (2004, February). American Teacher, 8 (5), 12.
20.
Rural School and Community Trust. (2003). Why rural matters 2003: The continuing need for every state to take action on rural education. Retrieved October 25, 2004 from www.ruraledu.org/streport/streport.html
21.
Salend,S. J., Whittaker,C. R., Duhaney,L. M. G., & Smith,R. M.(2003). Diversifying teacher education programs to recruit and graduate culturally and linguistically diverse teachers.Teacher Education and Special Education, 26, 315–327.
22.
Simpson,R. L., LaCava,P. G., & Graner,P. S.(2004). The No Child Left Behind Act: Challenges and implications for educators.Intervention in School and Clinic, 40, 67–75.
23.
U. S. Department of Education (2001). Overview of public elementary and secondary schools and districts: School year 1999–2000 (NCES Statistical Analysis Report). Retrieved October 25, 2004 from http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2001/overview/table08.asp
24.
Voltz,D. L. (1998). Cultural diversity and special education teacher preparation: Critical issues confronting the field.Teacher Education and Special Education, 21, 63–70.
25.
Williams,D. T. (2003). Rural routes to success.Educational Leadership, 61(3), 66–70.
26.
Winzer,M. A., & Mazurek,K.(1998). Special education in multicultural contexts. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.