Knowledge of the sonographic appearance of normal prostate anatomy is essential to the recognition and diagnosis of prostate disease. Prostate transrectal scan technique, normal prostatic anatomy, and sonographic findings of the normal and diseased prostate gland are discussed.
1. McNeal JE: Origin and development of carcinoma in the prostate. Cancer1969;23:24-34.
2.
2. McNeal JE: Monographs in urology. Triangle Park, NC: Burroughs Wellcome (ed). 1983; Vol. 1, No. 1.
3.
3. Rifkin MD, Kurtz AB, Choi HY, Goldberg BB: Endoscopic ultrasonic evaluation of the prostate using a transrectal probe: prospective evaluation and acoustic characterization. Radiology1983;149:265-271.
4.
4. Fornage BD: Normal US anatomy of the prostate. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology1986;12:1011-1021.
5.
5. Rifkin MD, Kurtz AB: Ultrasound of the prostate. In: Sanders RC, Hill MC, eds. Ultrasound Annual. New York: Raven Press, 1983;95-95.
7. Rifkin MD: Endorectal sonography of the prostate: clinical implications. AIR1987;148:1137-1142.
8.
8. Lee F, Littrup PJ, Kumasaka GH, Borlaza GS, McLeary RD: The use of transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis, guided biopsy, staging and screening of prostate cancer. Radio Graphics1987, Vol. 7, No. 4:627-644.
9.
9. Denkhaus H, Dierkopf W, Grabbe E, Donn F: Comparative study of suprapubic sonography and computed tomography for staging of prostatic carcinoma. Urologic Radiology1983;5:1-6.
10.
10. Sukov RJ, Scardino PT, Sample WF, et al: Computed tomography and transabdominal ultrasound in the evaluation of the prostate. J Comput Assist Tomogr1977;1: 281-284.
11.
11. Cooner WH: Prostate cancer: new hope for early diagnosis. J Medical Assoc of Alabama1987;56:1316-1316.
13. Rifkin MD: Ultrasound of the prostate. Radiological Society of North America. Videotape Program 1987 RSP 113-113.
14.
14. Rifkin MD, Hong Choi HY: Implications of small, peripheral hypoechoic lesions in endorectal US of the prostate. Radiology1988;166:619-622.
15.
15. Lee F, Gray JM, McLeary RD, et al: Transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: location, echogenicity, histopathology, and staging. Prostate1985; 7:117-129.
16.
16. Dahnert WF: Ultrasonography of carcinoma of the prostate: a critical review. Applied Radiology1988; Vol. 17, No. 4:39-44.
