Abstract
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• Recognize how the application of histogram matching can allow for the creation of quantifiable echogenicity data for comparison.
• Identify the findings associated with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) in the study, including decreased muscle thickness and increased echogenicity.
• Describe the methods used to collect data for echogenicity, muscle thickness, and range of motion.
What is the underlying cause of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD)? A. Age-related degeneration B. Previous injury to the scapula C. Autosomal dominant genetic disorder D. Repetitive motion injury
According to the article, what objective does histogram matching accomplish? A. Allows for comparing quantified echogenicities B. Compensates for operator error C. Calibrates distance measuring tools D. Distinguishes between study participants’ gender
Measurement of the middle trapezius was taken at the midpoint of a line between the: A. Scapula and humerus head B. Seventh cervical vertebra and the acromioclavicular joint C. Supraspinatus muscle D. Second cervical vertebra and the acromioclavicular joint
What was the method used for measuring the transverse trapezius muscle? A. Only locating the mid-point of the muscle B. The use of orthogonal lines C. The correlation with the size of the supraspinatus muscle D. Measuring the thickest portion of the visible muscle
Which of the following showed the highest correlation between movement and plane with echogenicity? A. Abduction B. Flexion C. Axial rotation D. Hand to back of head
According to Figure 3, the FSHD group had: A. Outlying values that discounted all the other findings B. Much lower echogenicity scores than the control group C. Echogenicity scores that perfectly matched the control group D. Higher overall echogenicity scores
According to Figure 4, what were the findings of the muscle thickness values for the FSHD group? A. Muscle thickness was higher than the control group B. There wasn’t enough data to make a correlation C. Muscle thickness was lower than the control group D. The data was too variable to form a conclusion
According to the article, evaluation of the trapezius muscle identified that the FSHD group had: A. Lower echogenicity values and more range of motion (ROM) B. Lower echogenicity values and less ROM C. Higher echogenicity values and less ROM D. Higher echogenicity values and more ROM
Which limitation of the current study is described in the article? A. The inability to locate the trapezius muscle B. The lack of comparison to MRI findings in the sample group C. The use of traditional quantitative muscle ultrasonography D. The limited capacity for ultrasound to be performed bedside
When compared to non-normalized images, histogram matching for normalization of sonograms is: A. Better able to differentiate and quantify differences between people with and without FSHD B. Not an effective technique C. Only able to show non-quantifiable muscle thickness scores in patients D. Not able to differentiate the differences between people, with and without FSHD
Footnotes
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