SDMS CME Credit – Sonographic Evaluation of Doppler Parameters Within the Central Retinal Artery: A Cohort Study

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Article: Sonographic Evaluation of Doppler Parameters Within the Central Retinal Artery: A Cohort Study

Authors: Samson Omini Paulinus, PhD, Andrew Wueseter Ijever, BSc, Erim Akwa Egom, MSc, Bassey Eyo Archibong, MSc, Akintunde Olusijibomi Akintomide, FWACS, Eru Mba Eru, PhD, Nneoyi Onen Egbe, PhD, and Ulu Ulu Okoro, PhD

Category: Vascular Technology [VT]

Credit: 1.00 SDMS CME Credit

Objectives: After studying the article, you should be able to:

• • Describe pathophysiology and vascular dynamics of the central retinal artery (CRA).

• • Discuss early CRA targets of retinopathy including microaneurysms, hemorrhage, or neovascularization, potentially leading to vision impairment or blindness.

• • Identify normal CRA blood flow using triplex Doppler imaging to visualize peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (ESV), resistive index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI).

1. How many people worldwide are estimated to be affected by diabetic retinopathy?

2. B. 2.8 billion

3. C. 3.9 million

4. D. 2.8 million

According to the article, what is the current diagnostic gold standard within ocular imaging?

A. Retinal oxygen metabolism

B. Fluorescein angiography

C. Ocular sonography

D. Optical coherence tomography

One fasting blood glucose (FBG) test was obtained and recorded for all participants, and then further subdivided into how many groups?

A. 2

B. 3

C. 4

D. 6

What is the potent vasodilator noted in the article that may have been a unique contributing factor affecting vessel diameter in this study?

A. Estrogen

B. Glucose

C. Nitrogen

D. Diabetes

Table 2 notes left CRA Doppler end diastolic velocity (EDV) results from how many male participants?

A. 88

B. 66

C. 22

D. 44

Table 6 displays the Bonferroni adjustment test and analysis in the mean PSV with the right CRA indicating a significant difference between which age groups?

A. 1 (17-25) and 2 (26-34)

B. 1 (17-25) and 3 (>35)

C. 2 (26-34) and 3 (>35)

D. 1 (17-25), 2 (26-34), and 3 (>35)

Which was one of the limitations noted within the design of this study?

A. Too many females

B. A large sample size

C. Low numbers of diabetics

D. A large diverse cohort

In accordance with American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) Ophthalmic Clinical Guidelines, and to minimize bioeffects, the mechanical index (MI) output power setting for this ocular imaging study was adjusted to:

A. 0.1

B. 0.2

C. 2.0

D. 1.0

In Figure 3, a triplex Doppler image of the right eye demonstrated a peak systolic velocity (PSV) of:

A. 17.2 cm/s

B. 5.3 cm/s

C. 1.03 cm/s

D. 0.69 cm/s

Which was seen as a hypoechoic band and used as an imaging landmark to help locate the CRA?

A. Bridge of the nose

B. Retina

C. Vitreous humor

D. The optic nerve