Abstract
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Recognize the need for standardized protocols for using Doppler sonography in the examination of intraneural blood flow in the median nerve.
List the pathologies that might prompt the evaluation of median nerve intraneural blood flow.
Explain the current methods currently used to evaluate the median nerve.
Some studies have demonstrated that an early pathologic sign of carpel tunnel syndrome (CTS) is: A. Demyelination of the medial nerve B. The presence of intraneural blood flow C. Median nerve edema D. The absence of intraneural blood flow
What is a limitation of the use of superb microvascular imaging in the investigation of median nerve intraneural blood flow? A. The imaging method is not available on all ultrasound systems. B. Only physicians can perform this type of imaging. C. This type of technology is only available in research laboratories. D. All of the above
It has been stated that there is a wide variability in the sensitivity of intraneural blood flow measurement in the diagnosis of CTS, ranging from 41% to 95%. What is a potential explanation for this? A. Previous studies have used various methods of image acquisition and analysis. B. Variations in the location of nerve evaluation differed in previous studies. C. Various techniques for analyzing data were utilized in previous studies, ranging from counting the number of blood vessels to quantifying the intensity of the blood flow. D. All of the above
What was the most straightforward, and potentially the most reliable, method to analyze intraneural blood flow? A. The use of continuous outcomes B. The use of power Doppler C. The use of binary characterization D. The use of ordinal outcomes
Due to limited abilities of Doppler ultrasound technology to detect small blood flow signals, the authors of this study excluded research from studies prior to what year? A. 2000 B. 2014 C. 2021 D. 2005
The studies reviewed in the article were characterized by: A. Date of research B. Type of pathology being interrogated C. Consistency of data retrieved D. The four types of Doppler imaging and the techniques used to analyze the Doppler signals
Out of 570 records identified from this study’s database research, and subsequent filtering due to duplicates and irrelevant articles, how many studies were included in this systematic review? A. 52 B. 159 C. 361 D. 512
While most studies regarding Doppler of the median nerve intraneural blood flow were regarding CTS, other patient populations noted included patients with: A. Diabetes B. Leprosy C. Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy D. All of the above
The most frequently used imaging modality to detect blood flow signals within the median nerve was power Doppler, representing what percentage of studies? A. 61.5% of studies B. 48.1% of studies C. 30.8% of studies D. None of the above
Superb microvascular imaging was first published in 2016 to examine blood flow in what type of tissue? A. Breast B. Liver C. Thyroid D. Kidneys
Which outcome of intraneural blood flow requires the least time and does not require any additional analysis? A. Binary Outcome B. Ordinal Outcome C. Continuous Outcome D. None of the above
What are some factors that might influence the measurements of intraneural blood flow? A. Body temperature B. Blood pressure C. Wrist and force positions D. All of the above
Which authors provided detailed descriptions of the machine settings used, such as frequency, PRF, gain, time-gain compensation, and harmonics? A. Yildiran et al. and Volz et al. B. Borire et al. and Volz et al. C. Kutlar et al. and Ng et al. D. Ghasemi-Esfe et al. and Borire et al.
What was the most frequently reported measure of intraneural blood flow as the primary continuous outcome? A. Peak Systolic Velocity B. Maximum Pixel Intensity C. End Diastole Velocity D. Average Pixel Intensity
The imaging planes and location of median nerve evaluation varied widely across the studies reviewed. What percentage of studies were examined in both long and short axis? A. 32.7% B. 30.8% C. 67.3% D. 48.1%
Footnotes
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