Abstract
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Explain the role of sonography in the progression of antenatal hydronephrosis.
Define the modes of classification of sonographic criteria for antenatal hydronephrosis.
Identify additional modalities that may be helpful in diagnosis and treating antenatal hydronephrosis.
The Society of Fetal Urology classifies hydronephrosis into four grades based on the ____________. A. Level of dilatation and cortical thinning. B. Ureter and bladder appearance. C. Anteroposterior pelvic diameter. D. Amniotic fluid condition.
The anteroposterior pelvic diameter classifies moderate hydronephrosis as _______. A. 0-4 mm B. 5-9 mm C. 10-14 mm D. ≥15 mm
The study classified prognosis using four diagnostic grades. What grade is defined as moderate kidney involvement, moderate VUR or hydronephrosis, or hydroureteronephrosis without any functional impairment or need for surgery? A. Grade 1 B. Grade 2 C. Grade 3 D. Grade 4
The Society of Fetal Urology grading system classifies grade 2 hydronephrosis as ____________. A. Slight separation of the renal sinus. B. Increased separation of the central renal complex. C. Dilation of the minor calyces. D. Severe dilatation and cortical thinning.
This study found that surgery was indicated in _____of infants. A. 41% B. 16% C. 12% D. 9%
Based on the host facility’s protocol of this study, cases with severe bilateral hydronephrosis were followed up with ___________during the first 48 hours of life. A. Sonography and conventional voiding cystourethrography B. Antibiotic prophylaxis and sonography C. Antibiotic prophylaxis and nuclear medicine D. Nuclear medicine and conventional voiding cystourethrography
The major limitation of this study was its ___________. A. Use of a single health center B. Retrospective design C. Limited number of neonates D. Technical qualities of the sonograms
Footnotes
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