Abstract
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Identify the effects of diabetes mellitus (DM) on ocular hemodynamics.
Describe the role of sonography in the evaluation of the ophthalmic artery (OA).
Recognize the utility of sonography in the evaluation of ocular disease.
Which type of DM is prevalent in children and young adults? Type 1 Type 2 Type 2A Type 3
What type of cells are destroyed when type 1 DM develops? Endothelial Hepatocytes Pancreatic beta cells T-cells
What physiologic change does type 2 DM always begin with? Insulin resistance Increased amylase Increased bilirubin Fatigue
What is the damage to blood vessels caused by long term elevation of blood sugar called? Retinopathy Myopathy Angiopathy Atrophy
In this study, what percentage of patients tested positive for DM and hypertension (HTN)? 5% 9% 15% 20%
The spectral Doppler results in this study demonstrated ______________, or decreased flow velocities, that could be useful to predict individuals at higher risk. increased velocities a decreased resistance a decreased pulsatility index (PI) an increased resistance
What was the age range of patients in the study by Samuel and Chellaraj? 25 – 45 years old 30 – 50 years old 40 – 60 years old 50 – 80 years old