Abstract
Define Sickle Cell Anemia and who is most commonly affected
Recognize long term changes in systolic and diastolic heart function
Describe diagnostic evaluation methods used
Sickle cell anemia is caused by the substitution of ___________.
A. Adenine to thymine in the sixth codon of the beta globin gene
B. White blood cells in the oxygen carrying roll
C. Certain medications before birth
D. Unknown precise factors
Sickling of erythrocytes leads to ___________.
A. Obstruction in microcirculation and tissue ischemia
B. Increase in delivery of nutrients and oxygen
C. Blood vessel destruction
D. Random and inconsistent delivery of nutrients to distal structures
Evaluation of all wall movements of the ventricular myocardium is best imaged with which of the following?
A. M Mode imaging of LV and RV
B. 2D echocardiography using contrast agents
C. Tissue Doppler imaging
D. Continuous wave Doppler of aortic valve flow
Exclusion criteria for the study included which of the following?
A. Difficulty with making appointments
B. Sickle cell crises within the last 3 months
C. Allergies to treatment medications
D. Greater than 120mg/dL blood sugar level
In order to reduce the influence of respiration on myocardial velocities, measures were recorded during ___________.
A. Only one cardiac cycle
B. 3 averaged cardiac cycles
C. Systole only
D. With a breath hold during TDI acquisition
The study observed that systolic and diastolic thickness of left ventricle and interventricular septum did which of the following?
A. Decreased in the short term
B. Were, for the most part, unchanged
C. Were variable from patient to patient
D. Increased over time
The main limitation of the study was an inability to evaluate iron overload because ___________.
A. Patients were not grouped according to their hemoglobin levels
B. Only imaging was evaluated
C. The length of the study was too short
D. The parameters of the study were too narrow