Abstract
Article: Sonographic Evaluation of Various Causes of Female Infertility: A Literature Review
Authors: Hafiza Iqra Kanwal, MSDU, Munaza Shahid, MSDU, and Raham Bacha, PhD, MS
Category: OB/GYN [OB]
Credit: 0.5 SDMS CME Credit
Objectives: After studying the article entitled “Sonographic Evaluation of Various Causes of Female Infertility: A Literature Review,” you will be able to:
Describe contributing factors associated with female primary and secondary infertility.
Compare the World Health Organization (WHO) definitions for both primary and secondary female infertility.
Review literature analysis correlating sonographic findings and their connection to female infertility.
According to the WHO, how many million(s) of reproductive age couples worldwide are dealing with infertility issues? 32 to 58 10 to 15 60 to 80 45 to 59
A database search from 2001 to 2020 retrieved 439 articles focusing on factors or various causes of female infertility. How many articles met the literature review inclusion criteria? 157 70 97 87
The literature review found the probable cause of infertility most frequently detected with sonography at 44.9% was: Endometriosis Fibroids Pelvic inflammatory disease Polycystic ovarian syndrome
According to the WHO, primary infertility is defined as women aged 15 to 49 years with: An inability to conceive within 2 years of exposure to pregnancy Poor prenatal care An inability to conceive after having a previous pregnancy Postpartum infection