Abstract
Article: Renal Echogenicity as a Predictor of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Nephropathy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Cletus Eze, MS, MHPM
Category: Abdomen [AB]
Credit: 1.0 SDMS CME Credit
Objectives: After studying the article titled “Renal Echogenicity as a Predictor of Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Nephropathy: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Hospital in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria,” you will be able to:
Understand that the purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of sonography in human immunodeficiency virus–associated nephropathy (HIVAN) diagnosis
Identify the need in Nigeria for sonography as a predictor of HIVAN nephropathy due to the lack of nephrologists, infrastructure, and funds
Describe the sonographic appearance of grade 3 renal echogenicity and how it can assist in predicting the diagnosis of HIVAN
At which stage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) does HIVAN develop? Acute Latent Chronic Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
What group of patients with human immunodeficiency virus have a predominant association nephropathy? Renal transplant recipients People of African decent Elderly patients Those with hypertension
What are common sonographic findings of nephropathy in HIV-infected patients? Enlarged kidneys with multiple cortical cysts Small kidneys with increased cortical echogenicity Small kidneys with multiple cortical cysts Enlarged kidneys with increased cortical echogenicity
Which test can diagnose HIVAN? Renal biopsy with histology Serum creatinine and glomerular filtration estimation Sonographic grading of renal echogenicity Physical evaluation by nephrologist
What is the gold standard to assess renal function? Blood pressure Serum creatinine Sonographic echogenicity Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
Which grade of sonographic echogenicity did most HIVAN patients have in this study? 1 2 3 4
What was the major limitation of this study? Renal biopsy was not completed Creatinine level not obtained No control group Outdated sonography equipment
Footnotes