Abstract
Article: Caudal Regression Syndrome: A Case Study With Associated Review of Common Differential Diagnoses Made With Antenatal Sonography
Authors: Shuchi Bhatt, MD, MNAMS, FICRI, Anupama Tandon, MD, MNAMS, Avneesh Kumar Singh, MD, Smita Manchanda, MD, DNB, Sandhya Jain, MS, and Neha Meena, MBBS
Category: Ob/Gyn [OB]
Credit: 1.0 SDMS CME Credit
Objectives: After studying the article entitled “A Case Study With Associated Review of Common Differential Diagnoses Made With Antenatal Sonography,” you will be able to:
Understand the risk factors, incidence, and developmental abnormalities associated with caudal regression syndrome
Identify sonographic criteria for accurate diagnosis of the caudal regression syndrome in the antenatal period
Explain key differences between caudal regression syndrome and other similar types of congenital anomalies on antenatal sonographic examinations
What is the incidence of caudal regression syndrome (CRS) in otherwise normal pregnancies? 1 per 10,000 pregnancies 1 to 2.5 per 10,000 pregnancies 1 to 2.5 per 100,000 pregnancies 1 per 1,000,000 pregnancies
The presence of which of the following maternal conditions gives a 200- to 400-fold increased risk for CRS of the fetus? Chronic hypertension Diabetes Morbid obesity Hyperthyroidism
What type of vertebral anomalies are present with CRS? Complete spinal agenesis Complete lumbosacral agenesis Simple coccygeal agenesis without neurological deficit Can range from simple coccygeal agenesis without neurological deficit to complete lumbosacral agenesis
The abnormal development of the fetal spine in CRS is caused by what developmental defect? Failure of rostral end of the neural tube to close Incomplete closure of the vertebrae around the spinal cord Fusion of lower extremities Defective neutralization of midposterior axial mesoderm
The diagnosis of CRS is most often made at what gestational age? 20 to 22 weeks 35 to 40 weeks 10 to 15 weeks 8 to 10 weeks
Which first-trimester finding, using transabdominal sonography, would warrant a transvaginal approach to reveal absence of the distal spine? Increased nuchal translucency Short crown-rump length Fetal bradycardia Cystic hygroma
What is the typical appearance of the lower limbs in a fetus with CRS? Complete fusion Absent Hypoplastic and fixed Normal
Unlike CRS, images of the fetal spine and central neural system with neural tube defects will demonstrate what criteria? Splaying of the posterior spinal elements with or without back mass Kyphosis Associated central nervous system anomalies All of the above
Amniotic fluid level in cases of CRS is often normal. However, in cases of sirenomelia, there is often ________________ and in cases of neural tube defect there is often _____________. Oligohydramnios; polyhydramnios Polyhydramnios; oligohydramnios Polyhydramnios; polyhydramnios Oligohydramnios; oligohydramnios
The shield-like appearance of the fetal midsection in CRS is caused by what abnormality? Hypoplastic, fused iliac blades Renal agenesis Abdominal wall defect Congenital heart defect
Footnotes