Abstract
Article: Exploring Targeted Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound to Detect Neural Inflammation: An Example of Standard Nomenclature
Authors: Kevin R. Volz, PhD, RVT, Kevin D. Evans, PhD, RT(R) (M) (BD), RDMS, RVS, Christopher D. Kanner, BS, and D. Michele Basso, EdD, PT
Category: General Sonography
Credit: 1.0 SDMS CME Credit
Objectives: After studying the article entitled “Exploring Targeted Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound to Detect Neural Inflammation: An Example of Standard Nomenclature,” you will be able to:
Describe the techniques of targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound (TCEUS)
Explain the rationale for using TCEUS
Explain the terminology associated with the evaluation of TCEUS data
Targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound (TCEUS) is achieved by Imaging specific targets in the cardiac anatomy Directly injecting ultrasound contrast into a specific target Attaching specific biologic markers to the surface of the ultrasound contrast bubble Targeting diagnosis to specific changes in the Doppler spectral waveform
The most important features of the time intensity curve used to analyze ultrasound contrast data are The initial enhancement phase and the wash-out phase The initial enhancement phase and the wash-in phase The wash-in phase and the slope of the initial enhancement phase The wash-out phase and the slope of the delayed enhancement phase
A time intensity curve with a rapid initial enhancement phase followed by a slowly decreasing intensity in the wash-out phase would be classified by the van Rijswijk system as Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 Type 4
TCEUS was first described by Unger et al in 1998 using A contrast agent imaged using a high mechanical index A thrombus-specific ultrasound contrast agent A contrast agent designed to detect breast cancer A contrast agent specifically for inflammatory disease
In the study reported in this article, a bolus of ultrasound contrast was used of 3 mL 0.3 mL 0.03 mL 0.003 mL
An advantage to using time intensity curve shape analysis is It allows for pharmacokinetic modeling It is a truly quantitative measure A decreased sensitivity to variations It is based on quantitative Doppler measurements
A current limiting factor with time intensity curve shape analysis is Lack of a standardized nomenclature Its limited applicability to anatomic structures The lack of suitable ultrasound contrast microbubbles The inability of ultrasound machines to detect ultrasound contrast
In the study reported in this article, using the classification scheme of van Rijswijk, the time intensity curve shown for contrast targeted for ICAM-1 would be considered Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5
In the study reported in this article, using the classification scheme of van Rijswijk, the time intensity curve shown for contrast targeted for VCAM-1 would be considered Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 Type 5
In the time intensity curve shape nomenclature system proposed by Lavini et al, “P” corresponds to P-selectin Plateau Perfusion Positive
Footnotes