Abstract
Article: The Effect of Smoking on Carotid Artery Hemodynamics
Authors: Mahmoud S. Babiker, PhD
Category: Vascular
Credit: 1.0 SDMS CME Credit
Objectives: After studying the article entitled “The Effect of Smoking on Carotid Artery Hemodynamics,” you will be able to:
Discuss the effects of smoking on carotid spectral Doppler velocities
Relate hemodynamic changes from use of tobacco products
Explain the diagnostic criteria used to grade internal carotid stenosis
The second leading cause of death worldwide is Being of male gender Carotid artery disease Smoking Stroke
For the protocol and criteria used in this study, if the Doppler findings were a PSV of 200 and EDV of 100, interpretation would be Less than 50% 50%–79% Greater than 80% Near occlusive
The mean age for the participant who smoked versus the nonsmoker is Insignificant Older The same Younger
The results indicated what percentage of the participants who smoked exhibited peak systolic velocities less than 50% stenosis? 2% 5% 12% 13%
Which variable had the least effect on carotid disease? Duration of smoking Number of cigarettes per day Brand of cigarettes Male gender
In comparison of the peak systolic velocity of the CCA, ECA, and ICA of the two groups of participants, how did the velocities for the smoking group compare to the nonsmoking group? The smokers had slightly higher PSV The smokers had a significantly higher PSV The nonsmokers had a slightly higher EDV The values were the same
Based on the linear association, for each year the male participant smoked, the percentage of stenosis increased 0.001% 0.31% 0.34% 2%
Clinically significant stenosis was found in the participants who Had never smoked Were older Were former smokers Were current smokers
Comparing the mean common artery peak systolic velocities of the two groups showed a difference of 1.5 cm/s 7.2 cm/s 14.5 cm/s 17.3 cm/s
Which one is not a proposed theory for the cause and effect of smoking on carotid artery hemodynamics? Adrenergic activity Arterial endothelial function impairment Morphologic changes Circulatory cessation
Footnotes