Abstract
Article: Retroaortic Left Renal Vein
Authors: JoAnn Aichroth, RDMS, and Traci Fox, MS, RT(R), RDMS, RVT
Category: Vascular
Credit: 1.0 SDMS CME Credit
Objectives: After studying the article entitled “Retroaortic Left Renal Vein,” you will be able to:
Explain the risk factors for development of focal nodular hyperplasia
Describe the sonographic imaging findings associated with focal nodular hyperplasia
Determine the role of ultrasound contrast in the evaluation of liver lesions
During fetal development, the inferior vena cava is formed from the pairs of veins below except
The posterior cardinal veins The anterior cardinal veins The subcardinal veins The supracardinal veins
Deterioration of the ventral portion of the venous network with continuation of the dorsal network results in
Congenital absence of the inferior vena cava Vena cava duplication Normal venous anatomy A left renal vein posterior to the aorta
The nutcracker syndrome refers to
Left renal vein hypertension secondary to extrinsic compression Hypertension secondary to extrinsic compression of one or both kidneys Hydronephrosis secondary to extrinsic compression of a ureter Left iliac vein compression by the right iliac artery
The anterior nutcracker phenomenon relates to
Compression of the left renal vein behind the aorta and anterior to the vertebrae Compression of the left renal vein between the aorta and superior mesenteric artery Compression of the left renal vein by the spleen at the renal hilum Compression of the left renal vein as it empties into the inferior vena cava
The key symptomatic finding associated with the nutcracker syndrome is
Flank pain Abdominal pain Hematuria Dysmenorrhea
The ideal positioning for the patient when using sonography to diagnose a nutcracker syndrome is
Prone Left lateral decubitus Supine Right lateral decubitus
Spectral Doppler evaluation for the nutcracker syndrome should compare the peak velocity at the site of suspected venous narrowing with the velocity in the vein
At the hilum of the kidney Just to the left of the aorta before the vein drains into the inferior vena cava At the corresponding site in the right renal vein At the confluence with the inferior vena cava
The main collateral pathway of the left renal vein is the
Inferior vena cava Splenic vein Superior mesenteric vein Gonadal vein
When treating a symptomatic nutcracker syndrome, the least invasive technique is
Left renal vein ligation Left renal vein transposition Stenting of the left renal vein Renal autotransplantation
The left renal vein is preferred over the right for renal transplantation because
It is more accessible during surgery It is longer It is typically larger in diameter It has fewer side branches to manage
Footnotes