Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

This paper describes the design of an online decision-making support system for a distributed operational training environment. The goal of this research is to allow the user to interactively actuate an analytical simulation system to perform online decision assessment while he is playing in the operational training simulation. The interoperability between these two heterogeneous simulation systems is an important issue for this research. This paper presents an approach using High Level Architecture (HLA) standards to achieve this interoperation. This paper explores the rationale of interoperating an event-driven analytical system and a time-stepped operational training system. From this investigation, this paper identifies the interoperation interval, called the assessment era, between these two heterogeneous systems that can execute asynchronously while interacting cooperatively. Furthermore, the process of computing such an assessment era is fully discussed with a demonstration scenario. Our experimental exercise shows that the presented method is a more feasible and efficient way to improve the training effect than a traditional joint training environment.

Keywords

Online decision-making system HLA federate gateway federate agent

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

[1] Guleyuponglu, S. , and H. Ng. “Linking Real-Time and Faster- Than-Real-Time Federations,” paper no. 01S-SIW-131. In Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop, 2001.

[2] Hanna, J. , J. Reaper , T. Cox , and M. Walter . “Course of Action Simulation Analysis.” In Proceedings of the 10th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium. (Accessed July 6, 2006), 2005. Available from: htp://www.dodccrp.org/events/2005/10th/CD/papers/113.pdf

[3] Gilmour, D. A. , J. P. Hanna , W. E. McKeever, Jr. , and M. J. Walter . “Real-Time Course of Action Analysis.” In Proceedings of the 10th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium. (Accessed July 6, 2006), 2005. Available from: htp://www.dodccrp.org/events/2005/10th/CD/papers/073.pdf

[4] Mathews, K. “Development of a Course of Action Simulation Capability.” Scientific & Technical Report, Australian Government Department of Defence, Defence Science and Technology Organisation. (Accessed July 6, 2006). Available from: htp://www.dsto.defence.gov.au/publications/3437/DSTO-CR-0376.pdf

[5] Smith, R. “Simulation: The Engine Behind The Virtual World,” Simulation 2000 Series, Vol. 1. (Accessed August 5, 2006), 2000. Available from: htp://www.modelbenders.com/papers/sim2000/SimulationEngine.PDF

[6] Smith, R. “Strategic Directions in Distributed Simulation,” Simulation 2000 Series, Vol. 2. (Accessed August 5, 2006), 2000. Available from: htp://www.modelbenders.com/papers/sim2000/SimulationDirections.PDF

[7] IEEE Std 1278.1, “IEEE Standard for Distributed Interactive Simulation-Application Protocols.” New York: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1995.

[8] Wilson, A. L. , and R. M. Weatherly . “The Aggregate Level Simulation Protocol: An Evolving System,” 781–787. In Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference, 1994.

[9] IEEE Std. 1516.1, “IEEE Standard for Modeling and Simulation (M&S), High Level Architecture (HLA)-Federate Interface Specification,” i-467, 2000.

10.

[10] Browers, A. , and A. L. Prochnow . “JTLS-JCATS Federation Support of Emergency Response Training.” In Proceedings of the 2003 Winter Simulation Conference. (Accessed August 5, 2006), 2003. Available from: htp://www.informs-cs.org/wsc03papers/130.pdf

11.

[11] Myjak, M. D. , D. Clark , and T. Lake . “RTI Interoperability Study Group Final Report,” paper no. 99F-SIW-001. In Proceedings of the 1999 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Orlando, FL, USA, 1999.

12.

[12] Myjak, M. D. , and S. T. Sharp . “Implementations of Hierarchical Federations,” paper no. 99F-SIW-180. In Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Orlando, FL, USA, 1999.

13.

[13] Wood, D. D. , and M. D. Pety . “HLA Gateway 1999,” paper no. 99S-SIW-051. In Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop, 1999.

14.

[14] Filsinger, J.

“HLA Security Guard Federate,”

1015–1023. In Proceedings of the Spring Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Orlando, FL, USA. 1997.

15.

[15] Chen, D. , B. S. Lee , W. Cai , and S. J. Turner . “Design and Development of a Cluster Gateway for Cluster-based HLA Distributed Virtual Simulation Environments,” 193–200. In Proceedings of the 36th Annual Simulation Symposium (ANSS′03), 2003.

16.

[16] Braudaway, W , and R. Little . “The High Level Architecture's Bridge Federate,” paper no. 97F-SIW-078. In Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop, Orlando, FL, USA, 1997.

17.

[17] Dingel, J. , D. Garlan , and C. Damon . “Bridging the HLA: Problems and Solutions,” 33–42. In Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications, 2002.

18.

[18] Paterson, D. J. , E. S. Hougland , and J. J. Sanmiguel . “A Gateway/Middleware HLA Implementation and the Extra Services that can be Provided to the Simulation,” paper no. 00F-SIW-007. In Proceedings of the Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop, 2000.

19.

[19] “Extended Air Defense Simulation (EADSIM).” (Accessed July 27, 2006. Available from: htp://www.asc.hpc.mil/sofware/info/eadsim/

20.

[20] Simon, R. , W.S. Chang , and J. M. Pullen . “An Agent Architecture for Network Support of Distributed Simulation Systems,” 68–75. In Proceedings of the Symposium of the Seventh IEEE Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications, 2003.

21.

[21] Fujimoto, R. M.

“Time Management in the High Level Architecture,”

Simulation 71 (6, 1998) 388–400.

Design of an Online Decision-Making Support System for Joint Training Simulation

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References