Tetra functional epoxy resin namely tetraglycidyl 1,4’-bis (4-amine-phenoxy) sulphone benzene epoxy (TGBAPSB) was developed via 1,4’-bis (4-amine-phenoxy) sulphone benzene (BAPSB) and epichlorohydrin. TGBAPSB was reinforced with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanomaterial in various weight percentages (1–2 wt%) and polyamidoimidazoline (Aradur 140) was used as curing agent. FT-IR results validated the molecular structure of the synthesized POSS. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) evaluated the thermo-mechanical and thermal behaviour of TGBAPSB epoxy matrix and its organic-inorganic hybrid epoxy nanocomposites (TGBAPSB/POSS). X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigated the surface morphological behaviour of the organic-inorganic hybrid epoxy nanocomposites. TGBAPSB epoxy resin with optimized POSS reinforcement exhibited excellent thermo-mechanical, thermal, mechanical, dielectric, and water absorption properties, making it a suitable material for advanced high-performance applications.
RachidH. Review on epoxy polymers and its composites as a potential anticorrosive coatings for carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution: Computational approaches. J Mol Liquids2021; 336: 116307.
2.
ShanLVenkataSChevalia, et al.A review of extending performance of epoxy resins using carbon nanomaterials. Composites B: Eng2018; 136: 197–214.
3.
ShneiderMarkHannaDodiukSamuelKenig, et al.The effect of tungsten sulfide fullerene-like nanoparticles on the toughness of epoxy adhesives. J Adhes Sci Tech2010; 24: 1083–1095.
4.
DuraibabuDhanapalKumarAnandaSrinivasanNeelakandan, et al.Role of POSS as Coupling Agent for DGEBA/GF Reinforced Nanocomposites. Silicon2018; 10: 537–546.
5.
DuraibabuDGaneshbabuTManjumeenaR, et al.Unique coating formulation for corrosion and microbial prevention of mild steel. Prog Org Coat2014; 77: 657–664.
6.
SaravananPDuraibabuDJayamoorthyK, et al.Twin Applications of Tetra-Functional Epoxy Monomers for Anticorrosion and Antifouling Studies. Silicon2018; 10: 555–565.
7.
ChoiJYeeAFLaineRM. Toughening of Cubic Silsesquioxane Epoxy Nanocomposites Using Core−Shell Rubber Particles: A Three-Component Hybrid System. Macromolecules2004; 37: 3267–3276.
8.
GoertzenWKKesslerMR. Dynamic mechanical analysis of carbon/epoxy composites for structural pipeline repair. Compos B2007; 38: 1–9.
9.
WeiBCaoHSongS. Degradation of basalt fibre and glass fibre/epoxy resin composites in seawater. Corros Sci2011; 53: 426–431.
10.
KumarSSamalSKMohantyS, et al.Curing kinetics of bio-based epoxy resintoughened DGEBA epoxy resin blend. J Therm Anal Calorim2019; 137: 1567–1578.
11.
ShahAZhangYXuX, et al.Reinforcement of stearic acid treated egg shell particles in epoxy thermosets: structural, thermal, and mechanical characterization. Materials2018; 11: 1872.
12.
DuraibabuDRajagopalDSrinivasanKumarA. A first MMT reinforced nanocomposite functionalized with ether linkage derived from tetraglycidyl/diglycidyl epoxy building block. Prog Org Coat2017; 104: 135–140.
13.
ThangarajMArjunanSKrishnanMR, et al.Heat tolerant epoxy-amine functionalized graphene oxide composites for insulation applications. J Adhes Sci Tech2020; 34: 1774–1795.
14.
HalderSudiptaGhoshPKGoyatMS, et al.Ultrasonic dual mode mixing and its effect on tensile properties of SiO2-epoxy nanocomposite. J AdhesionScience Tech2013; 27: 111–124.
15.
DipenKRDurgeshDPKumarcRavinder, et al.Recent progress of reinforcement materials: a comprehensive overview of composite materials. Journal of. Mater Res Tech2019; 8: 6354–6374.
16.
ShaoYFXiQFBerndL, et al.Effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on mechanical properties of particulate–polymer composites. Composites Part B: Eng2008; 39: 933–961.
17.
YangPengWangGuoqingXiaXue, et al.Preparation and thermo-mechanical properties of heat-resistant epoxy/silica hybrid materials. Polym Eng Sci2008; 48: 1214–1221.
18.
SarkarB. POSS-containing polyamide-based nanocomposites//Polymer/POSS nanocomposites and hybrid materials. Springer Cham, 2018, pp. 205–231.
19.
ChenBinJinZhengyuPeiXinpeng, et al.Liquid-like secondary amine containing POSS as reactive nanoadditive to improve the anticorrosion performance of epoxy coating. Mater Lett2020; 261: 127103.
20.
MishraKunalPandeyGajendraRamanP, et al.Enhancing the mechanical properties of an epoxy resin using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) as nano-reinforcement. Polym Test2017; 62: 210–218.
21.
ZhangWCaminoGYangR. Polymer/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites: An overview of fire retardance. Prog Polym Sci2017; 67: 77–125.
22.
AlvesFNischang I. Tailor‐Made Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Porous Materials Based on Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) by the Step‐Growth Mechanism of Thiol‐Ene “Click” Chemistry. Chem Eur J2013; 19: 17310–17313.
ZhangWenyuanZhangWenchaoPanYe-Tang, et al.Facile synthesis of transition metal containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane complexes with mesoporous structures and their applications in reducing fire hazards, enhancing mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy composites. Journalof Hazard Mater2021; 401(5): 123439.
DuraibabuDAlagarMAnanda KumarS. Studies on mechanical, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of functionalized nanoalumina reinforced sulphone ether linked tetraglycidyl epoxy nanocomposites. RSC Advances2014; 4(76): 40132–40140.
29.
NagendiranSChandramohanADinakaranK, et al.Octahedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (OAPS and OG) - Polyimide hybrid nanocomposite films: Thermo-mechanical, dielectric and morphology properties. J Macromolecular Sci A2019; 56(12): 1082–1096.
30.
FuSSunZHuangP, et al.Some basic aspects of polymer nanocomposites: A critical review. Nano Mater Sci2019; 1: 2–30.
31.
XuSZhaoBRazaM, et al.Shape Memory and Self-Healing Nanocomposites with POSS–POSS Interactions and Quadruple Hydrogen Bonds. ACS Appl Polym Mater2020; 2(8): 3327–3338.
32.
LimJ-HKimK-M. Creation of spherical aggregates of Pd nanoparticles on the surface of POSS-modified graphene oxide. In: KimK-Y (eds), 73, 2016, pp. 2557–2565.Polym Bull.
33.
HalderSGoyatMSGhoshPK. Influence of ultrasonic dual mode mixing on the morphology, molecular structure and thermo-physical properties of a SiO2-epoxy nanocomposite adhesive. J Adhes Sci Tech2015; 29: 2590–2604.
34.
ZhangRLGaoBDuWT, et al.Enhanced mechanical properties of multiscale carbon fiber/epoxy composites by fiber surface treatment with graphene oxide/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane. Composites A: Appl Sci Manufacturing2016; 84: 455–463.
35.
FuSSunZHuangP, et al.Some basic aspects of polymer nanocomposites: A critical review. Nano Mater Sci2019; 1: 2–30.
36.
LongTRElderRMBainED, et al.Influence of molecular weight between crosslinks on the mechanical properties of polymers formed via ring-opening metathesis. Soft Matter2018; 14: 3344–3360.
37.
XiaZYuXZhangT, et al.Inorganic/organic hybrid magnetic polymers based on POSS and pyridinium FeCl4: the effect of self-assembly. Polym Chem2019; 10: 4604–4610.
38.
WangJDuWZhangZ, et al.Biomass/polyhedral oligomericsilsesquioxane nanocomposites: Advances inpreparation strategies and performances. J Applpolym Sci2021; 138: e49641.
39.
TomaszM. The influence of POSS nanoparticles on selected thermal properties of polyurethane-based hybrids. J Therm Anal Calorim2018; 133: 289–301.
40.
GunasekaranSGRajakumarKAlagarM, et al.Design and development of mesoporous silica reinforced skeletal modified triaryl pyridine core based polybenzoxazine (SBA-15/PBZ) nanocomposites. Int J Plastics Tech2015; 19: 309–332.
41.
ZhangCZhangJXuT, et al.Effects of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polysiloxane Foam. Materials2020; 13: 4570.
42.
WuGMaLWangY, et al.Interfacial properties and impact toughness of methylphenylsilicone resin composites by chemically grafting POSS and tetraethylenepentamine onto carbon fibers. Composites Part A: Appl Sci Manufacturing2016; 84: 1–8.
43.
PalaniveluSDhanapalDSrinivasanAK. Studies on silicon containing nano-hybrid epoxy coatings for the protection of corrosion and bio-fouling on mild steel. Silicon2017; 9: 447–458.
44.
ChoiJKimSGLaineRM. Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Epoxy Nanocomposites from Aminophenylsilsesquioxanes. Macromolecules2004; 37: 99–109.
45.
MohammedAHAhmadMBIbrahimNA. Effect of crosslinking concentration on properties of 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate/N-vinyl pyrrolidone gels. Chem Cent J2018; 12(15). DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0379-4
46.
DouglasMFoxRichardHarrisH, et al.The pillaring effect of the 1,2-dimethyl-3(benzyl ethyl iso-butyl POSS) imidazolium cation in polymer/montmorillonite nanocomposites. Polymer2011; 52: 5335–5343.
47.
MartynkováGS. Effect of Nanofillers Dispersion in Polymer Matrices: A Review. Sci Adv Mater2011; 3(1): 1–25.
48.
PaszkiewiczSPawlikowskaDAnnaS, et al.Interfacial interactions in PTT–PTMO/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites and their impact on mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties. Polym Bull2018; 75: 4999–5014.
49.
YangSTangXPengE, et al.Graphene oxide based fluorescent nanocomposites for cellular imaging. J Mater Chem B2013; 1: 512–521.
50.
NagendiranSMuthukaruppanAHamertonI. Octasilsesquioxane-reinforced DGEBA and TGDDM epoxy nanocomposites: Characterization of thermal, dielectric and morphological properties. ActaMaterialia2010; 58: 3345–3356.
51.
SinghNPraveenMKumarS, et al.Influence of alumina and silica addition on the physico-mechanical and dielectric behavior of ceramic porcelain insulator at high sintering temperature. Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Cerámicay Vidrio2017; 57(4): 151–159.
52.
MihelčičMGaberščekMDi CarloG, et al.Surca,Influence of silsesquioxane addition on polyurethane-based protective coatings for bronze surfaces. Appl Surf Sci2019; 467–468: 912–925.
53.
McMahon MatthewESantucci RaymondJGlover CarolF, et al.A Review of Modern Assessment Methods for Metal and Metal-Oxide Based Primers for Substrate Corrosion Protection. Front Mater2019; 6.
54.
RamezanzadehBAttarMMFarzamM. A study on the anticorrosion performance of the epoxy–polyamide nanocomposites containing ZnO nanoparticles. Prog Org Coat2011; 72: 410–422.
55.
Anne PaulineSKamachiMudaliU, et al.Fabrication of nanoporous Sr incorporated TiO2 coating on 316L SS: Evaluation of bioactivity and corrosion protection. Mater Chem Phys2013; 142: 27–36.
56.
ChenBJinZPeiX, et al.Liquid-like secondary amine containing POSS as reactive nanoadditive to improve the anticorrosion performance of epoxy coating. Mater Lett2020; 261: 127103.
57.
XavierJR. Investigation on the anticorrosion, adhesion and mechanical performance of epoxy nanocomposite coatings containing epoxy-silane treated nano-MoO3 on mild steel. J Adhes Sci Tech2020; 34: 115–134.
58.
TongLZhaoHLiJ, et al.POSS-tetraaniline based giant molecule: Synthesis, self-assembly, and active corrosion protection of epoxy-based organic coatings. Corrosion Sci2020; 168: 108555.
59.
YeYYangDZhangD, et al.POSS-tetraaniline modified graphene for active corrosion protection of epoxy-based organic coating. Chem Eng J2020; 383: 123160.
