Models developed by DuPont or reported in the literature are described, which help the package engineer to design new package structures by optimizing package performance, minimizing cost, and ensuring the film or laminate can be fabricated on converting equipment. A case study is presented to illustrate how the use of these tools can speed up new package development.
Morris BA. Selecting sealants for meat packaging. In: American meat institute expo, Chicago, April 2011.
4.
Morris BA and Vansant JD. The influence of sealant modulus on the bending stiffness of multilayer films. In: TAPPI polymers, laminations and coatings conference, Toronto, Ontario, 1997.
5.
MorrisBA. Predicting the heat-seal performance of ionomer films. J Plastic Film Sheet2002; 18(3): 145–156.
Morris BA. Hot tack modeling. DuPont Internal Report, 2000.
8.
Bourque RA, Chung DY, Estabrook RM, et al. Multiple compartment pouch and beverage container with frangible seal. US Patent 7306095 B1, 2007.
9.
TadmorZGogosCG. Principles of polymer processing, New York, NY: Wiley & Sons, 1979.
10.
AgurEEVlachopoulosJ. Numerical simulation of a single screw plasticating extruder. Polym Eng and Sci1982; 22: 1084–1084.
11.
VleckJPerdikouliasJ. Application of a single screw extrusion simulation towards design. SPE-ANTEC Tech Papers2002; 60.
12.
HanCDShettyR. Studies on multilayer film coextrusion I. The rheology of flat film coextrusion. Polym Eng Sci1976; 16: 697–697.
13.
HanCDShettyR. Studies on multilayer film coextrusion II. Interfacial instability in flat film coextrusion. Polym Eng Sci1978; 18: 180–180.
14.
SchrenkWJBradleyNLAlfreyTJr. Interfacial flow instability in multilayer coextrusion. Polym Eng Sci1978; 18: 620–620.
15.
WilsonGMKhomamiB. An experimental investigation of interfacial instabilities in multilayer flow of viscoelastic fluids. I. Incompatible polymer systems. J Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech1992; 45: 355–384.
16.
WilsonGMKhomamiB. An experimental investigation of interfacial instabilities in multilayer flow of viscoelastic fluids. II. Elastic and nonlinear effects in incompatible polymer systems. J Rheology1993; 37: 315–315.
17.
HinchEJHarrisOJRallisonJM. The instability mechanism for two elastic liquids being co-extruded. J Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech1992; 43: 311–324.
18.
KhanAAHanCD. A study on the interfacial instability in the stratified flow of two viscoelastic fluids through a rectangular duct. Trans Soc Rheology1977; 21: 101–131.
19.
RamanathanRShankerRRehgT. “Wave” pattern instability in multilayer coextrusion - an experimental investigation. SPE-ANTEC Tech Papers1996; 54: 224–224.
20.
PerdikouliasJTzoganakisC. Interfacial instability phenomena in blown film coextrusion of polyethylene resins. SPE-ANTEC Tech Papers1995; 53: 176–176.
21.
Martyn MT, Coates PD, Zatloukal M, et al. Visualization and analysis of LDPE melt flows in a coextrusion geometry. In: TAPPI PLACE conference, Boston, MA, 1084, 2002.
22.
Perdikoulias J, Zatloukal M and Tzoganakis C. Predicting the onset of interfacial instabilities in coextrusion flows. In: TAPPI polymers, laminations & coatings conference, Atlanta, Georgia, 1999, 1003.
23.
Perdikoulias J and Vlcek J. Analysis of film extrusion problems with flow simulation. In: TAPPI PLACE conference, Orlando, Florida, 2003.
24.
ZatloukalMMartynMTVlcekJ. Modeling of viscoelastic multi-layer flows for different polymer melts. SPE-ANTEC Tech Papers2006; 64: 851–851.
25.
ZatloukalMXueAAmonM. Theoretical and experimental investigation of interfacial instabilities in coextrusion feedblock dies. SPE-ANTEC Tech Papers2013; 68: 2023–2023.
MavridisHShroffRN. Multilayer extrusion: Experiments and computer simulation. Polym Eng Sci1994; 34: 559–559.
28.
MorrisBA. Effect of process and material parameters on interlayer peel strength in coextrusion coating, film casting and film blowing. J Plastic Film Sheeting2011; 26(4): 343–376.
29.
PearsonJRAPetrieCJS. The flow of a tubular film. Part 1. Formal mathematical representation. J Fluid Mech1970; 40: 1–19.
30.
Pearson JRA and Petrie CJS. The flow of tubular film. Part 2. Interpretation of the model and discussion of solutions. J Fluid Mech 1970; 42: 609–625.
31.
AshokBKCampbellGA. Two-phase simulation of tubular film blowing of crystalline polymers. Int Polym Process1992; 7: 240–247.
32.
DoufasAKMcHughAJ. Simulation of film blowing including flow-induced crystallization. J Rheology2001; 45: 1085–1085.
33.
PirkleJCBraatzRD. A thin-shell two-phase microstructural model for blown film extrusion. J Rheology2013; 54: 471–505.
34.
ZatloukalMVlcekJ. Modeling of the film blowing process by using variational principles. J Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech2004; 123: 201–201.
35.
Zatloukal M and Vlcek J. Application of variation principles in modeling of the film blowing process for high stalk bubbles. J Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech 2006; 133: 63.
36.
IyengarVRCoA. Film casting of a modified Giesekus fluid: Stability analysis. Chem Eng Sci1996; 51: 1417–1417.
37.
HalewyuSDAgassantJFDemayY. Numerical simulation of the cast film process. Polym Eng Sci1990; 30: 335–335.
38.
SakakiKKatsumotoRKajiwaraT. Three-dimensional flow simulation of a film-casting process. Polym Eng Sci1996; 36: 181–181.
39.
MorrisBA. Reducing curl in multilayer blown film: Experimental results, model development, and application to a cereal liner film. J Plastic Film Sheet2003; 19(1): 31–54.
40.
JoshiNHirtD. Theoretical analysis of additive distribution in polymer films. SPE-ANTEC Tech Papers1994; 52: 2798–2798.
41.
Morris BA. Modeling of COF development in surlyn(r) ionomer films. DuPont Internal Report, 2004.
42.
Crist MD, Do K and Noon E. Curl in nylon film. In: TAPPI polymers, laminations & coatings conference, Chicago, IL, 2000, 289.