Gender-Specific Occupational Role Models Implications for Music Educators

Abeles, H. F. , & Porter, S. Y. (1978). The sex-stereotyping of musical instruments. Journal of Research in Music Education, 26, 65–75.

Almquist, E. M. , & Angrist, S. S. (1971). Role model influences on college womenapos;s career aspirations. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 17, 263–279.

Bacow, S. A. , & Howe, K. G. (1980). Role-model influence: Effects of sex and sex-role attitude in college students. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 4, 558–572.

Bell, A. P. (1970). Role modelship and interaction in adolescence and young adulthood. Developmental Psychology, 2, 123–128.

Bern, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 155–162.

Bianchi, S. M. , & Rytina, N. (1986). The decline in occupational sex segregation during the 1970s: Census and CPS comparisons. Demography, 23, 79–86.

Brown, F. A. (1972). You won't have “lady musicians” to kick around much longer. Music Educators Journal, 59(1), n.p. [“Student Vibrations, The Undergraduate MEJ” insert].

ppfCommittee on the Status of Women in Music (1988). Womenapos;s studies/Womenapos;s status. Boulder, CO: The College Music Society.

Delzell, J. K. , & Leppla, D. A. (1992). Gender association of musical instruments and preferences of fourth-grade students for selected instruments. Journal of Research in Music Education, 40, 93–103.

Eccles, J. S. (1987). Adolescence: Gateway to gender-role transcendence. In D. B. Carte. (Ed.), Current conceptions of sex roles and sex typing (pp. 225–241). New York: Praeger.

Feldstein, J. H. (1978, August). Sex differences in cross-sex choices of models. Paper presented at the annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Toronto. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 172 080)

Goeddert, W. P., Kahn, A., Frevert, R. L., & Shirley, R. (1981, April). Role model choice: Who do women say their models are? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Detroit. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 206 986)

Goldstein, E. (1979). Effect of same-sex and cross-sex role models on the subsequent academic productivity of scholars. American Psychologist, 34, 407–410.

Griswold, P. A. , & Chroback, D. A. (1981). Sex-role associations of music instruments and occupations by gender and major. Journal of Research in Music Education, 29, 57–62.

Hedden, S. K. (1973). Meaning of the concept of music teacher to high school musicians. Journal of Research in Music Education, 21, 366–371.

Killam, R. N., & Lynch, C. (1990, October). In our own voices: Women academic musicians’ descriptions of role models, education and goals. In C. T. Saunders (Chair), Music and higher education. Symposium conducted at the annual meeting of The College Music Society, Washington, DC.

Lipman-Blumen, J. , & Tickamyer, A. R. (1975). Sex roles in transition: A ten-year perspective. In A. Inkeles , J. Coleman , & N. Smelser (Eds.), Annual review of sociology (Vol. 1, pp. 297–337). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews.

Long, V. O. (1982). Ending the perpetuation of sex-role stereotypes in our schools: A possible consequence of psychological androgyny. Psychology in the Schools, 19, 250–254.

Maccoby, E. E. , & Jacklin C. N. (1974). The psychology of sex differences. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Oates, M. J. , & Williamson, S. (1978). Womenapos;s colleges and women achievers. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 3, 795–806.

O'Donnell, J. A. , & Anderson, D. G. (1978). Factors in-fluencing choice of major and career of capable women. Vocational Guidance Quarterly, 26, 214–221.

Parsons, J. E. , & Bryan, J. (1978). Adolescence: Gateway to androgyny. Ann Arbor, MI: Michigan Occasional Papers in Womenapos;s Studies.

Peterson, A. C. , Crockett, L. , & Tobin-Richards, M. H. (1982). Sex differences. In H. E. Mizel , J. H. Best , & W. Rabinowitz (Eds.), Encyclopedia of educational research, Vol. 4 (pp. 1696–1712). New York: Free Press.

Porter, S. Y. , & Abeles, H. F. (1979). So your daughter wants to be a drummer? Music Educators Journal, 65, (5), 46–49.

Renton, B. H. (1980). The status of women in college music 1976–1977: A statistical study. Boulder, CO: The College Music Society.

Reskin, B. F. , & Hartmann, H. I. (Eds.). (1986). Womenapos;s work, menapos;s work: Sex segregation on the job. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Rice, J. K. , & Hemmings, A. (1988). Womenapos;s colleges and women achievers: An update. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 13, 546–559.

Speizer, J. J. (1981). Role models, mentors, and sponsors: The elusive concepts. Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 6, 692–712.

Stake, J. E. , & Granger, C. R. (1978). Same-sex and opposite-sex teacher model influences on science career commitment among high school students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 70, 180–186.

Tangri, S. S. (1972). Determinants of occupational role innovation among college women. Journal of Social Issues, 28, 177–200.

Tidball, M. E. (1973). Perspective academic women and affirmative action. Educational Record, 54(2), 130–135.

Tidball, M. E. (1989). Womenapos;s colleges: Exceptional conditions, not exceptional talent, produce high achievers. In C. S. Pearson , D. L. Shavlik , & J. G. Touchton (Eds.), Educating the majority: Women challenge tradition in higher education (pp. 157–172). New York: Collier Macmillan.

Walker, H. A. , & Fennell, M. L. (1986). Gender differences in role differentiation and organizational task performance. In R. H. Turner & J. F. Short (Eds.), Annual review of sociology, Vol. 12 (pp. 255–275). Palo Alto, CA: Annual Reviews.