What I've Learned About Research from Young Children

Sims, W.L. , Moore, R.S. , & Kuhn, T.L. (1982). Effects of female and male vocal stimuli, tonal pattern length, and age on vocal pitch-matching abilities of young children from England and the United States. Psychology of Music, Special Issue, 101—105.

Kuhn, T.L. , & Sims, W.L. (1983). The effect of simultaneous melodic and harmonic accompaniment, pitch level, and song tones on first-grade students' ability to sing correct pitches. Bowling Green Symposium, 2, 153—165.

Sims, W.L. (1985). Young children's creative movement to music: categories of movement, rhythmic characteristics, and reactions to changes. Contributions to Music Education, 12, 42—50.

Sims, W.L. (1986). The effect of high versus low teacher affect and passive versus active student activity during music listening on preschool children's attention, piece preference, time spent listening, and piece recognition . Journal of Research in Music Education, 34, 173— 191.

Sims, W.L. (1987). Effect of tempo on music preference of preschool through fourth grade children. In C. K. Madsen & C. A. Prickett (Eds.), Applications of research in music behavior (pp. 15—25). Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.

Sims, W.L. (1988). Movement responses of preschool children, primary grade children, and preservice classroom teachers to characteristics of musical phrases. Psychology of Music, 16, 110—127.

Sims, W.L. (1990). Characteristics of young children's music concept discrimination. Psychomusicology, 9, 79—88.

Sims, W.L. (1991). Effects of instruction and task format on preschool children's ability to demonstrate single and combined music concept discrimination . Journal of Research in Music Education, 39, 298—310.

Sims, W.L. (1995). Children's ability to demonstrate music concept discriminations in listening and singing. Journal of Research in Music Education, 43, 204—221.

LeBlanc, A. , Sims, W.L. , Siivola, C. , & Obert, M. (1996). Music style preferences of different-age listeners . Journal of Research in Music Education, 44, 49—59.

Sims, W.L. & Cassidy, J.W. (1997). Verbal and operant responses of young children to vocal versus instrumental song performances. Journal of Research in Music Education, 45, 234—244.

Sims, W.L. , & Nolker, B. (2002*) Individual differences in music listening responses of kindergarten children. Journal of Research in Music Education , 50, 292—300. (*Note: this study was completed prior to the one listed as 2001 below, but was published later due to journal publication schedules).

Sims, W.L. (2001). Characteristics of preschool children's individual music listening during free choice time. Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education, 149, 53—63.

Sims, W.L. (2004, April). Effects of free versus directed listening on duration of individual music listening by preschool children. Paper presented at MENC: The National Association for Music Education National Biennial In-Service Conference, Minneapolis, MN .

Sims, W.L. , Cecconi-Roberts, L. , & Keast, D. (2004). Preschooler's use of a music listening center during free-choice time: An observational study. In L. Custodero, (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Society for Music Education Early Childhood Commission Conference, Barcelona, Spain. New York: Teacher's College, Columbia University.