An Overview of Four Nonpharmacologic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Modalities

Abstract

Objective

To provide an overview of 4 nonmedical complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) modalities with an emphasis on 1 mind-body approach (yoga), 2 alternative systems (acupuncture, tai chi), and 1 energy therapy (therapeutic touch). Support in the scientific literature for the usefulness of each technique is presented.

Data Sources

Primary articles on alternative medicine were obtained by performing a MEDLINE search. An online book search was conducted on the Ohio Library and Information Network, a consortium of 79 Ohio colleges, universities, and community colleges and the State Library of Ohio.

Data Synthesis

All 4 CAM modalities had a scientific basis and were supported in the literature. Main drawbacks to many scientific studies were in methodologic flaws such as small sample sizes, variable interventions, and the absence of controls. Many researchers are beginning to include evidence-based and scientific techniques in their studies that more closely meet established scientific standards. This will lead to more robust, valid, reliable, and uniform methodologic approaches.

Discussion

Many patients use both CAM and mainstream therapies for their medical conditions. As the quality of scientific studies improves, pharmacists can gain confidence in using the results to provide pharmaceutical care to such patients. It is the pharmacists' responsibility to educate themselves about CAM therapies.

Conclusions

Embracing a holistic approach to care may enable pharmacists to optimize the pharmaceutical care they provide to all their patients.