Home health care (HHC) refers to a range of services provided at home after illness or injury, offering the benefits of reduced costs and increased convenience. However, HHC involves moving medical staff to the patient's home, thus generating new challenges to overcome such as vehicle routing problem (VRP). Heuristic methods and exact methods have been proposed for solving VRP problems. In recent years, smart healthcare 4.0 solutions and intelligent transportation systems (ITS) based on internet of things (IoT) technologies have been developed to address emerging challenges while improving service quality and reducing time and costs. The introduction of intelligent system to health care can reduce the labor intensity of medical staff, save costs and enhance the medical experience of patients. In this context, this paper gives a review of some approaches to solve VRPs. A combined approach using exact method, home healthcare, and ITS is developed to determine a reliable route optimization solution for home healthcare vehicles. The solution was optimized considering traffic congestion levels during travel. The proposed solution involves finding the optimal route, then in real time allows to bypass the traffic blockages.
Ait HaddadeneSRLabadieNProdhonC (2019) Bicriteria vehicle routing problem with preferences and timing constraints in home health care services. Evolutionary Algorithms in Health Technologies12(8): 52.
2.
Al-FuqahaAGuizaniMMohammadiM, et al. (2015) Internet of things: A survey on enabling technologies, protocols, and applications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials17(4): 2347–2376.
3.
AleyaniSIbrahimA (2018) Internet-of-things in telemedicine for diabetes management. In: 2018 15th Learning and Technology Conference (L&T). Jeddah: IEEE, 20–23. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/lt.2018.8368505
4.
Cárdenas-BenítezNAquino-SantosRMagaña-EspinozaP, et al. (2016) Traffic congestion detection system through connected vehicles and big data. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)16(5): 99.
5.
CharlesRKMaryABJenovaR, et al. (2019) VLSI design of intelligent, self-monitored and managed, strip-free, non-invasive device for diabetes mellitus patients to improve glycemic control using IoT. Procedia Computer Science163: 117–124.
6.
CrainicTGLaporteG (1998) Fleet management and logistics. Journal of the Operational Research Society50: 1284.
7.
DamopoulosDKambourakisG (2019) Hands-free one-time and continuous authentication using glass wearable devices. Journal of Information Security and Applications46: 138–150.
8.
DanielCChangDPourhomayounM (2019) Risk prediction of critical vital signs for icu patients using recurrent neural network. In: 2019 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). Las Vegas, NV, USA: IEEE, 1003–1006. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/csci49370.2019.00191
9.
DjahelSSalehieMTalI, et al. (2013) Adaptive traffic management for secure and efficient emergency services in smart cities. In: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops 2013). San Diego, CA: IEEE, 340–343. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2013.6529511
DuGLiangXSunC (2017) Scheduling optimization of home health care service considering patients’ priorities and time windows. Sustainability9(2): 253.
12.
ElSaadanyYMajumderAJUcciDR (2017) A wireless early prediction system of cardiac arrest through IoT. In: 2017 IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). Turin: IEEE, 690–695. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/compsac.2017.40
13.
FongBF (2018) Internet of things in smart ambulance and emergency medicine. In: Internet of Things A to Z: Technologies and Applications. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 475–506. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119456735.ch17
14.
FüßerMI??OstermannTEhlersJ, et al. (2024) Digital health applications—A digital solution for the health of the future?Journal of Smart Cities and Society3(3): 163–176.
15.
GharoteMSSodaniAPalshikarGK, et al. (2015) Efficient vaccine distribution planning using IoT. Research Gate: 1–9.
16.
HasanatRTRahmanMAMansoorN, et al. (2020) An IoT based real-time data-centric monitoring system for vaccine cold chain. In: 2020 IEEE East-West Design & Test Symposium (EWDTS). Varna, Bulgaria: IEEE, 1–5. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/ewdts50664.2020.9225047
17.
HeJTangZFanZ, et al. (2018) Enhanced collision avoidance for distributed LTE vehicle to vehicle broadcast communications. IEEE Communications Letters22(3): 630–633.
18.
HsuCC-HWangMY-CShenHC, et al. (2017) Fallcare+: An IoT surveillance system for fall detection. In: 2017 International Conference on Applied System nnovation (ICASI). Sapporo, Japan: IEEE, 921–922. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI.2017.7988590
19.
IoT Analytics. State of IoT 2021: Number of Connected IoT Devices Growing 9% to 12.3 Billion Globally, Cellular IoT Now Surpassing 2 Billion. Available online : https://iot-analytics.com/number-connected-iot-devices/ (accessed on 1 March 2022).
20.
IoT in Transportation Market Statistics 2030 (2022). IoT in Transportation Market Statistics | In-depth Analysis - 2030. (2022, June 24). Retrieved from alliedmarketresearch: https://www.alliedmarketresearch.com/IoT-in-transportation-market (Accessed in 2022, June 24).
KhanMA (2020) An IoT framework for heart disease prediction based on MDCNN classifier. IEEE Access8: 34717–34727.
23.
KulkarniASampadaS (2014) Healthcare applications of the internet of things: A review. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technologies5(5): 6229–6232.
24.
LaiY-LChouY-HChangL-C (2018) “An intelligent IoT emergency vehicle warning system using RFID and Wi-Fi,” technologies for emergency medical services. Technology and Health Care26(1): 43–55.
25.
LiCWangJWangS, et al. (2024) “A review of IoT applications in healthcare”. Neurocomputing565: 127017.
26.
MirZHDreyerNKürnerT, et al. (2024) Investigation on cellular LTE C-V2X network serving vehicular data traffic in realistic urban scenarios. Future Generation Computer Systems161: 66–80.
27.
Molina-MasegosaRGozalvezJ (2017) R communications: A new 5G technology for short-range vehicle-to-everything communications. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine12(4): 30–39.
28.
NikzadEBashiriMAbbasiB (2021) A matheuristic algorithm for stochastic home health care planning. European Journal of Operational Research288(3): 753–774.
29.
OMNeT++ (2022) Discrete Event Simulator—Home. Retrieved from https://omnetpp.org (accessed on 18 May 2022).
30.
PokkuluriKSTiwariVUikeyJMehtaPSrinivasa RaoCThanujaA (2024) Bridging the gap between technology and medicine through the revolutionary impact of the healthcare internet of things on remote patient monitoring. Journal of Intelligent Systems and Internet of Things2: 212–212.
31.
PrasharAMitchellKHopkinsA, et al. (2021a) Cost-Effectiveness and safety of same-day discharge after elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Hearts2(4): 561–569.
32.
PrasharAShahSZhangR, et al. (2021b) Safety and cost implications of same-day discharge following elective percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale and atrial septal defects in Australia. Hearts2(4): 543–550.
33.
RahmanMARashidMBarnesS, et al. (2019) An IoT and blockchain-based multi-sensory in-home quality of life framework for cancer patients. In: 2019 15th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC). Tangier, Morocco: IEEE, 2116–2121. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766496
34.
RodriguesVFda Rosa RighiRda CostaCAAntunesRS (2022) Smart hospitals and IoT sensors: Why is QoS essential here?Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks11(3): 33.
35.
Rosero-MontalvoPDPeluffo-OrdóñezDHGodoyP, et al. (2017) Elderly fall detection using data classification on a portable embedded system. In: 2017 IEEE Second Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM). Salinas: IEEE, 1–4. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/etcm.2017.8247529
36.
SabeehSWesołowskiKSrokaP (2022) C-V2X centralized resource allocation with Spectrum Re-partitioning in highway scenario. Electronics11(2): 1–20.
37.
Salehi-AmiriAJabbarzadehAHajiaghaei-KeshteliM, et al. (2022) Utilizing the internet of things (IoT) to address uncertain home health care supply chain network. Expert Systems with Applications208: 118239.
38.
ShimizuTLuHKenneyJ, et al. (2019) Comparison of DSRC and LTE-V2X PC5 mode 4 performance in high vehicle density scenarios. In: Proceedings of the ITS World Congress, pp.1–7.
39.
ShumbaA-TMontanaroTSergiI, et al. (2022) Leveraging IoT-aware technologies and AI techniques for real-time critical healthcare applications. Sensors22(19): 7675.
40.
SunWCaiZLiY, et al. (2018) Security and privacy in the medical internet of things: A review. Security and Communication Networks: 1–9. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5978636.
41.
TiwariATripathiRPBhatiaD (2022) Advancements in data security and privacy techniques used in IoT-based hospital applications. In: TiwariATripathiRPDineshB (eds) Medical Data Security for Bioengineers. IGI Global, 662–684. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7952-6.ch010
42.
TothPVigoD (eds) (2002) The Vehicle Routing Problem. Philadelphia, PA: Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
43.
TuliSBasumataryNGillSS, et al. (2020) Healthfog: An ensemble deep learning based smart healthcare system for automatic diagnosis of heart diseases in integrated IoT and fog computing environments. Future Generations Computer Systems: FGCS104: 187–200.
44.
UdawantOThombareNChauhanD, et al. (2017) Smart ambulance system using IoT. In: 2017 International Conference on Big Data, IoT and Data Science (BID). Pune, India: IEEE, 171–176. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/bid.2017.8336593
45.
UddinRKooI (2024) Real-Time remote patient monitoring: A review of biosensors integrated with multi-hop IoT systems via cloud connectivity. Applied Sciences 14 (5): 1876. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051876.
VenkatesanVSandhyaMKJeneferBM (2017) Computed tomography scan simulation techniques: A survey. In: 2017 Fourth International Conference on Signal Processing, Communication and Networking (ICSCN), Chennai, India, pp.1–5. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCN.2017.8085679.
49.
YongSToufikBOlivierG (2019) A robust optimization for a home health care routing and scheduling problem with consideration of uncertain travel and service times. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review128: 52–95.
50.
ZeissGBirchJKurtagicH (2009) An Open Architecture for RESTful Geospatial Web Services. FOSS4G Sydney.
