A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study on Clinicians’ Attitudes and Utilization of Complementary and Integrative Health Services for Patient Care at an Academic Medical Center

Abstract

Objective:

To characterize clinicians’ familiarity, attitudes, and utilization patterns related to complementary and integrative health (CIH) services at an academic medical center in the United States.

Methods:

This mixed-methods pilot study surveyed and interviewed clinicians (n = 46), including Department of Integrative Health (DIH) nurses who deliver CIH services via a consult model to hospitalized patients. Self-report questionnaires assessed clinicians’ familiarity, attitudes, and utilization of CIH services. Qualitative interviews explored CIH perceived benefits, barriers, and opportunities for wider service adoption.

Result:

Fifty-six percent of clinicians discussed the benefits of CIH services with patients, and 72% reported positive impacts such as improved sleep, coping, healing, and reduced pain and/or stress. Nurses (n = 25) reporting greater work autonomy viewed CIH services as more integral to their practice. DIH nurses demonstrated a high degree of familiarity and comfort in counseling patients with CIH modalities. Qualitative data highlighted the importance of creating safe, therapeutic environments, empowering patients, and improving health literacy. Challenges included limited education, awareness, and staffing, particularly during evenings and weekends. Proposed improvements encompassed expanded education and staffing, dissemination of effectiveness criteria, and automated electronic health record referrals.

Conclusion:

CIH services are broadly perceived as health-promoting and warrant expansion, but operational and cultural challenges must be addressed. These findings will guide CIH services’ refinement in U.S. academic medical centers and serve as a model for institutions seeking to integrate CIH services into patient care.