The Impact of Fireworks on Facial Trauma: A Literature Review and Case Study

Abstract

Introduction:

Firework-related injuries to the face are underreported in the literature compared to hand trauma, despite their significant prevalence and potential for long-term functional and aesthetic consequences. There is a need to better understand the epidemiology, management, and outcomes of these injuries to guide clinical care and prevention efforts.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted, screening 293 articles to identify studies focused on the management of firework-induced facial trauma. Fourteen relevant studies were included for analysis. Additionally, a representative clinical case of an 11-year-old male with facial injuries from a firework explosion is presented.

Results:

The literature indicates that young males are disproportionately affected by firework-related facial injuries. Pediatric patients are primarily injured by handheld fireworks, typically sustaining soft tissue injuries requiring suturing or minor reconstruction. Adult cases more often involve high-energy fireworks, resulting in facial fractures and ocular trauma necessitating advanced interventions. The presented case involved an 11-year-old male with facial burns, lacerations, and fractures, managed successfully with local tissue rearrangement and scar revision, leading to favorable functional and aesthetic outcomes.

Conclusion:

Firework-related facial injuries present unique age-specific challenges. Management in children should focus on techniques that minimize long-term scarring, while adults often require complex reconstructive strategies. Standardized treatment protocols and targeted public safety measures are essential to improve outcomes and prevent injuries. Increased awareness and further research are needed to address the specific challenges associated with firework-induced facial trauma.