The Effectiveness of Telehealth on Glycemic Stability and Quality of Life Among Patients With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the best available evidence regarding the effectiveness of telehealth on glycemic stability, blood sugar, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Nine electronic databases were used for searching for published and unpublished randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted between 2010 and 2022, supplemented by hand search on references of relevant reviews. Two independent reviewers screened, appraised, and extracted data using standardized tools. Meta-analyses were performed using review manager software. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were conducted.

Results

Twenty-three RCTs were included. Most studies supported the positive effects of telehealth interventions on glycemic stability and blood sugar, varying from small to large effect sizes. However, the pooled effect of QoL was very small. The use of mobile applications and telephone-delivered interventions appeared to be more effective than the internet platform. Studies conducted on young adults with type 1 diabetes and in European countries showed stronger effects.

Conclusions

This review suggested that telehealth interventions had the potential to improve glycemic stability and blood sugar. Health care professionals may adopt telehealth interventions for people with type 1 diabetes. Future research may explore participants’ experiences of the telehealth interventions in Asian countries.