How I Do It: Management of Upper Gastrointestinal Perforations and Leaks

Abstract

Transmural gastrointestinal (GI) tract defects are defined as a complete interruption of the gastrointestinal lumen, and can be characterized as perforations, leaks, and fistulae. Each arise from distinct mechanisms and must be managed with an approach tailored accordingly. While traditionally managed surgically, the emergence of a variety of tools and techniques have enabled endoscopists to offer a less invasive alternative to effectively manage gastrointestinal leaks and perforations. Herein, in this “How I Do It” overview, we focus on the assessment and endoscopic management of GI perforations and leaks, including device selection, adjunctive techniques, and post-procedural considerations.