To investigate the effectiveness of the acai photosensitizer (Euterpe oleracea Martius), combined or not with low-intensity laser, in reducing Streptococcus mutans in carious dentin.
Background:
Due to its high penetration power and coloring ability, acai presents a promising and unexplored option for use as a photosensitizer in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.
Methods:
We selected 60 permanent third molars and exposed their coronal dentin. After producing dentin carious lesions, we randomly divided the teeth into four groups (n = 15 each): C (control)—no disinfection; AC (acai)—acai photosensitizer application; AC + BL (acai + laser)—acai photosensitizer application and irradiation with low-intensity blue laser diode (Therapy); and BL (laser)—low-intensity blue laser diode (Therapy) application. All carious tissue was collected post-protocol application. Total viable bacterial count was determined after 2 days of incubation. Micro-computed tomography was used for qualitative analysis of carious lesions through observation of a carious tooth (control group). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for qualitative analysis of carious tissue disinfection using different protocols. Results were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test (Student–Newman–Keuls).
Results:
The cariogenic challenge produced a carious lesion measuring 17.14875 mm3, located in deep dentin close to the pulp. The AC + BL group showed the most significant reduction in S. mutans count (p < 0.0001), followed by the AC group (p = 0.0055). The BL group showed no significant reduction in S. mutans count (p = 0.2122). SEM analysis showed that AC + BL promoted dentin disinfection, with exposed dentinal tubules. The percentage reduction in S. mutans count was: BL (35.75%), AC (63.41%), and AC + BL (92.68%).
Conclusions:
The AC + BL group showed significantly better results than the AC group alone. The acai photosensitizer, with or without antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, is indicated for carious dentin disinfection.
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