Evaluating the Association of Cannabis Use and Longitudinal Kidney Outcomes

Abstract

Background:

Cannabis is the most used federally controlled substance in the United States. Given the increasingly widespread use of cannabis, further examination of its health implications is needed. We evaluated the association of cannabis use and longitudinal kidney outcomes among a cohort of adults living in Baltimore, MD.

Methods:

We used data from healthy aging in neighborhoods of diversity across the life span study. Baseline cannabis use (obtained between 2004 and 2009) was categorized as never tried, tried, never used regularly (irregular use), regular use >6 months prior (former regular use), and regular use within the past 6 months (current regular use). The primary outcome was incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m² at follow-up (2013–2017). Risk of rapid kidney function decline (decline in eGFR of >3 mL/min per 1.73 m² per year) and incident albuminuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio [ACR] ≥ 30 mg/g) were also assessed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of cannabis use with kidney outcomes.

Results:

Among 1,521 participants, the mean age was 48 years, 58% were female, and 58% were of Black race. Participants with current regular cannabis use were more likely to be younger, male, Black, and to concurrently use cigarettes, opiates, and/or cocaine. Compared with those with no history of cannabis use, participants with current regular cannabis use were not at higher risk of incident CKD (OR: 0.79 [95% CI: 0.37–1.68]), rapid kidney function decline (OR: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.43–1.49), or incident albuminuria (OR: 0.84 [95% CI: 0.38–1.87]) after adjustment for sociodemographics, health factors, and concurrent use of cigarette, opiate, or cocaine.

Conclusion:

In this Baltimore-based cohort of adults without CKD, there was no independent association between cannabis use and adverse kidney outcomes over time.