Invisible Barriers: Tackling Prosecutorial Challenges in Sexual Assault Cases in a Midwest State in the United States

Abstract

The current research examines the systemic barriers to prosecuting sexual assault cases, with a focus on case attrition after referral to prosecutors. Drawing on survey responses from prosecutors in a Midwestern state, the research highlights disparities between rural and urban jurisdictions, particularly focusing on how resource limitations, training gaps, lack of specialized units and challenges with witness cooperation impede case progression. The research shows that prosecutors in rural communities face unique challenges, including understaffing, geographic isolation and limited access to forensic resources, while urban jurisdictions struggle with high caseloads and bureaucratic barriers. The study also examines the importance of trauma-informed practices and victim engagement strategies to address the high attrition rates observed in sexual assault cases. Key policy recommendations include the need for state and federal funding to support rural jurisdictions, the benefits of regional training programmes, and the potential for collaborative regional task forces to mitigate resource constraints. The research also emphasizes the importance of victim advocacy programmes, forensic investigation enhancements and competitive salaries to address personnel turnover. The current research aims to contribute to the growing body of research on the justice system’s response to sexual violence and to offer actionable policy solutions to bridge systemic gaps and improve prosecutorial outcomes for survivors.