Abstract
The case is based on a not-for-profit organization, Tara Mobile Crèches, situated in Pune. The organization offers services to the children of construction workers by running its centres at construction sites. Their mission is to ensure free childhood for every child at the construction sites. In spite of constraining challenges, Tara Mobile Crèches is running 17 centres in Pune and doing some outstanding work for the otherwise marginalized community of construction workers. The key enabler to this success is the staff of Tara Mobile Crèches who work at the grass root levels. The organization has undertaken numerous initiatives to inculcate engagement in their employees, in the absence of which the mission of Tara Mobile Crèches would remain unrealized. The case dwells on the ways in which engagement is inculcated among its employees despite the many challenges they face.
Keywords
Expected Learning Outcomes
The process of inculcating employee engagement
To highlight how engagement can be inculcated by attaching meaning or bigger purpose to work
To highlight that employee engagement can significantly impact organizational effectiveness/outcomes
Introduction
Anjana’s mind was effervescent with myriads of thoughts. She was the sole representative from India to Germany at the Youth Convention organized by Terre des Hommes (TDH). TDH’s Youth Group organizes various Youth Conventions where students from various states come together to discuss and find possible solutions on issues such as ecology and biodiversity. Anjana Kashid, a 20-year-old young girl currently dwelling at Pune, Maharashtra, India, had been officially selected to represent India at Germany in the India Seminar 2015. 1 She diligently worked on her presentation on alternative models of development, describing and explaining the functioning of the Indian Youth Network. She was keen to make a mark for her country and herself. Her thoughts wandered to how this odyssey was made possible.
Anjana’s family migrated from Beed district in Maharashtra to the city of Pune when she was 2 years old along with her parents who were migrant laborers working on construction sites. It was then that she was entrusted in the care of Tara Mobile Crèches, Pune (TMCP). She would stay at the day cares opened by Tara Mobile Crèches at various locations when her parents went to work. This was her home for the next 16 years and proved to be a life-transforming experience. She started developing in the loving care of the staff at Tara Mobile Crèches and participated in several activities required for the physical and mental well-being of a child. While her parents would toil at construction sites, she was taken care of by the Tara Mobile Crèches staff. Soon she was a teenager studying in class 7. One day, she overheard the conversation between her worried parents about the financial crisis they were facing and the difficulty in making the ends meet. Anjana did not want to be a burden and decided to start working to support the family. She worked part time as a gardener earning ₹500 per month. But this was affecting her studies. When the staff at Tara Mobile Crèches learned about this, they helped her to continue her education and quit the job. But the road ahead was not smooth. When she was in class 8, her parents decided to get her married, a trend of child marriage prevalent in rural India. Suvarna Tai, a staff at Tara Mobile Crèches, came to her rescue (Annexure A). She counseled and convinced Anjana’s parents that marriage was no solution to their problems and rather Anjana should continue her education to become self dependent. Anjana was able to complete her education. After completing her school education, Tara Mobile Crèches staff helped Anjana move to a hostel and pursue her graduate studies. Today, she is in the final year of her Bachelor of Commerce class and at present, raring to make her presentation at the Youth Convention in Germany.
The Genesis of Tara Mobile Crèches Pune
In the scorching summer of Delhi, Meera Mahadevan was aghast to see a baby lying unattended at a construction site. She was appalled to learn that while the construction workers toiled at the construction site, their children were left orphaned. The reality hit her hard, and she resolved to do something for these unfortunate children. The idea of a crèche on the site of construction for the children of construction workers germinated in her mind. Meera Mahadevan did not stop at setting up a crèche at that construction site but went ahead to seek the help of the developer of the site and eventually set up the Mobile Crèches Organization of India. The construction workers constitute a migrant population migrating from one active construction site to another, and therefore, the crèche for their children would also be required to relocate with them. The crèche was aptly named as ‘mobile’ as it moved to the next construction site after completion of the project on the current site. Meera’s fervent yearning to ensure that every child at the construction site had a right to childhood and to save the girl child from the drudgery of domestic chores, had now blossomed into a strong movement called the ‘Mobile Crèches’. The genesis of Mobile Crèches Organization started from Delhi in 1969, branched to Mumbai in 1972 and expanded to Pune in 1980. As a process of organizational restructuring the Mobile Crèches in Delhi, Mumbai and Pune separated to become independent entities in the year 2007. Soon Mobile Crèches in Pune was registered as Tara TMCP as a 25C company under the Companies Act of 1956. TMCP which had a humble beginning with a single table in a garage on a construction site has now grown to 17 centres at various building sites in and around Pune (Annexure B).
In the words of Ms Nishi Mehta, Member Board of Directors, ‘The all-encompassing vision of Tara Mobile Crèches is to ensure every child at the construction site has a right to childhood’. The child should have equal opportunities for physical, mental and emotional development.
Mission of Tara Mobile Crèches
Actualize the rights of the child. 2
Review and influence the policies that affect the migrant child.
Train competent personnel to serve the needs of the child.
Profile of Migrant Construction Workers in India
The Construction Industry in India provides an important gauge of the growth and development of the country by virtue of giving a boost to growth in various related sectors and creating opportunities for investment. The sector is labor intensive and provides employment to 33 million people (Indian Mirror, 2012). It is proposed that nearly 70% of these workers are employed in the infrastructure segment, and the balance are working in the real estate segment. According to various reports on the construction industry, it is estimated that the industry will generate additional employment of 47 million by 2020 and will employ about 83 million people. The sector is critical for enhancing the productive capacity of the overall economy. The workers working in the construction industry are mostly unorganized and move from place to place to earn a livelihood. Most migrant labour is illiterate and can only speak in their native language. They are plagued with the insecurity of wages, exploitation and poor living conditions. The children of this marginalized community suffer from malnutrition, health issues and a childhood bereft of care.
Activity Sphere of Tara Mobile Crèches
The founders of the Tara Mobile Crèches firmly believe that the quality of childhood a child goes through has a lasting impact all through life. It will not be an overstatement to say a healthy childhood will result in a sound mind in a healthy body that can contribute positively to society. To make this belief a reality, Tara Mobile Crèches has developed the first ‘Early Child Care Education’ (ECCE) programme that brings about holistic development in the children, be it cognitive, emotional or physical. Over the past four decades, their sphere of influence has included the child as their focal point and partnership with other key stakeholders like parents, the construction industry, labor communities, government agencies and NGOs working in the field of child rights.
Tara Mobile Crèches envisages that learning initiates at the birth of a child and progresses through preschool and formal school to make the child ready to face life. Tara Mobile Crèches provide age specific, wide array of services to children of construction workers. They cater to newborn babies to children up to the age of 14 years. They continue support to older children in the form of assistance to admission in schools, hostel and health care.
Care for Infants from Zero to Three Years
At the construction site, every mother of newly born child battles with the conflicting need to take care of the child on one hand and on the other hand, to go out and work to earn the daily wages. In most cases, the mother is constrained to leave the child unattended amid the rubbles and debris of the construction site. Unattended and uncared for, the child goes through many hardships, some even life threatening. Tara Mobile Crèches advocates free childhood as a right of every child and comes to the rescue of such infants. It runs crèches at the construction sites where every morning the mothers bring their babies to be looked after by the staff of Tara Mobile Crèches. A special area in the crèche is designated for the babies where cradles are organized and the babies are taken care of by the loving and responsive staff of Tara Mobile Crèches. The staff become foster mothers, and one member would typically take care of 10 babies fulfilling their need for love and security. The crèche has toys, colorful pictures and open play areas which helps the infants develop motor and mental skills. As the crèche is on the construction site itself, the mothers can take a break from work and come to be with the infants and children resulting in a healthy and warm bonding between the mother and child. Above all, the crèche provides a warm cheerful environment in which the infants develop.
Care for Children Aged Three to Five Years
Every morning, the toddlers aged 3–5 years are dropped by their mothers at the Balwadi or day-care centre before they proceed for their work. Balwadi is a warm welcoming space where the toddlers gather to engage in creative activities and games. There is storytelling, puzzle solving and indoor and outdoor games to look forward to. Montessori techniques are used to help the toddlers learn through fun, music and dance are integrated into the activities which allow participation and personal expression giving rise to a feeling of kinship and belongingness. The volunteers often help in planning projects for the toddlers and schemes to disseminate knowledge to them. The staff initiates them into reading and writing activities. The staff at Tara Mobile Crèches is trained to prepare nutritious meals which the toddlers are fed lovingly by the caregivers. For breakfast, the children are served delicious ragi porridge. Lunch comprising a one dish meal and rich in nutrition is cooked at the centres every day. The snacks served in the afternoon are generally puffed rice, sprouts and milk. A diet fortified by nutrients rich bananas and eggs, and tonic is served to children who appear to be malnourished. The day filled with new discoveries and milestones of development ends when the toddlers are fetched by their mothers returning home from work.
Academic Assistance for Older Children
Given the transient nature of the work of a construction worker on any particular construction site, many of their children do not enroll in formal school. Understanding the importance of education for success in one’s life, Tara Mobile Crèches helps such children learn reading, writing and mathematics at the centre. Children willing to enroll in schools are assisted in admission formalities by the staff of Tara Mobile Crèches. These children are left by the parents at the crèche in the morning, and they study at the crèche till it is time for them to go to school. Likewise, after completing school, they return to the crèche and are assisted by the trained staff to complete their homework and other studies. After the completion of formal education at the school level, the children are guided and counseled to pursue higher education.
School Admission Assistance and Career Counseling
The teachers at the crèche train the children for the entrance assessment process of the schools where the children wish to seek admission. They train the children in mannerism, etiquettes and other requisites to face the admission interview. The staff also helps them to procure and compile various mandatory documents for the admission process. Procuring birth certificates, ration cards or domicile certificate is a challenge for this poorly literate and migrant population.
Assistance for Admission to Hostels
Academically inclined children are admitted to residential schools after the age of 10 years. This ensures continuity in their education, which would otherwise suffer frequent breaks due to migration. When children at the crèche wish to pursue education further, their families may be moving to new construction site. To circumvent the break in studies caused due to the migration of parents, the staff at crèche helps the children to get admission in hostels so that they can pursue their studies unhindered. The parents can visit their children periodically in the hostels.
The nutritional needs of the children staying at the hostels are also looked after by the Tara Mobile Crèches staff by providing vitamin and calcium supplements. In addition to this, Tara Mobile Crèches seeks sponsors to take care of the annual hostel expenditure. In order to take care of the health of the children, Tara Mobile Crèches also partially shares the expense of medical prescriptions and sponsors snack coupons for the children.
Community Outreach
The gamut of services at Tara Mobile Crèches goes much beyond providing the children with a joyful learning program and ensuring their fundamental rights. It is evident the children cannot benefit significantly unless their families are taken within the sphere of influence. To ensure the upliftment of the construction workers’ community, Tara Mobile Crèches makes a diligent effort to connect with the construction workers. Street plays are enacted by the staff at Tara Mobile Crèches to make the community aware of the importance of education. Street plays deal with social evils like child marriage, ill effects of liquor consumption and practicing superstition. They are the means of engaging the parents and including them in the sphere of influence. The help of volunteers from diverse fields is sought to sensitize the workers on issues related to improving their quality of life. Women are educated on issues like family planning and contraception and hygiene.
Health Care Initiatives
At Tara Mobile Crèches, the staff endeavors not only to take care of the sick but also to promote measures for preventive health hazards. A qualified doctor makes a regular weekly visit to each of the centresand attends to health-related issues. Focus is laid on immunization of the children, dental and eye checkups. If a child needs medical attention, the Tara Mobile Crèches staff accompanies them to hospitals and helps the child to get access to medical care. Annual health checkups by specialized medical experts help identify various physical anomalies in children as well as in the laborers, which are taken up for treatment at local government hospitals.
Annual Recreation Camp
The children and staff of Tara Mobile Crèches wait with bated breath for the overnight recreational camp that unfolds annually at one of the centres in Pune. It is a confluence of children and staff from various centres to have a gala gathering. The day begins with a sumptuous breakfast. As the day unfolds, they indulge in various fun-filled activities, play games, eat together and bask in the kinship. The staff also joins enthusiastically in the fun and festivities. The annual camp is an occasion where students learn life skills related to decision making, planning organizing, team building, etc. This is an opportunity to improve interpersonal skills, work in teams and adopt a collaborative approach to solving the issue, thus leading to the holistic development of personality.
Congregation (Alumni Meets)
Tara Mobile Crèches wants to further the cause of the children of construction workers and promise a better future for them. This mission can only be accomplished if they maintain long-term relationships with these children. Many a time when a child moves to a new construction site, it may not have the crèche facility. In such a situation, the child may lose connection with the crèches and his development may be inhibited. In order to keep the connection and offer continuing support, Tara Mobile Crèches organizes a congregation of all its ex-children once a year at one of its centres. This congregation is enthusiastically looked forward to by the children, staff and volunteers of Tara Mobile Crèches.
The Organization Structure of Tara Mobile Crèches
The work at Tara Mobile Crèches is focused on the child. The critical difference providers are the staff who are the caregivers at Tara Mobile Crèches. Their conviction and engagement is most important for the success of the mission of free childhood for every child. Tara Mobile Crèches’ organization structure has trainees at the lowest echelon (Annexure D). Employees join as trainees and undergo a rigorous training before they can be absorbed. This 8-month-long intensive training helps the trainees understand the line of work, the demands it would put on them and the rewards they would get. This facilitates the process of socialization where those who internalize the core values successfully continue with the organization. It is a practice that has yielded beneficial results for the early identification of those who are committed to the line of work. These stay on to build Tara Mobile Crèches. Tara Mobile Crèches reports a very low attrition rate. ‘The well-deliberated training programmes, the feeling of togetherness and above all the joy of touching young lives in positive ways are the main pillars on which commitment is built’, says Sandhya Gujar who has been with Tara Mobile Crèches for the last 22 years. The trainees after successful completion of training join as staff employees on probation. The staff is stationed at the various centres at construction sites run by Tara Mobile Crèches. The staff reports to centre in charge. In the next hierarchical level, there is Assistant Coordinator who has the responsibility of 3–4 centres. The Assistant Coordinator reports to the coordinator. The next echelon comprises of Manager Human Resources and Manager Programs who report to the CEO and at the apex is the Board of Directors. The Program Coordinators have a Master’s degree in Social Work and are hired laterally. In two instances, field staff exhibiting outstanding performance progressed to rise to Coordinator level position.
Induction and Training Process at Tara Mobile Crèches
Since the service of the balwadi workers are the edifice on which the success of Tara Mobile Crèches rests, the organization diligently inculcates the right values, attitude and skills in its staff right at the entry point in the organization. The new entrants to Tara Mobile Crèches join as trainees under the Bal Palika certificate course. On subsequent successful completion of the training program, they are absorbed as employees on probation. The duration of this training spans 8 months, and the holistic training imparted lays the foundation to transform the trainees into excellent caregivers. To inculcate a sense of pride, the participants are introduced to the history, need and relevance of Tara Mobile Crèches. The participants are made aware of the rules and regulations for the teachers. They are taught the importance of punctuality, understanding the needs of the child and creative ways in handling and developing the children. The teachers are encouraged to creatively choose a new theme or topic every month and disseminate the information to the children in innovative ways. They use multimedia like music, art, craft, stories, plays, etc. to communicate to the children. Health is another key issue on which the staff is trained. The teachers are trained on topics like nutrition, age-related health issues and immunization.
Since the development of the children is not possible, if their parents are not active partners in the process, the staff also counsels the parents on the importance of good health, nutrition, family planning and immunization of the children. As a happy child is the objective of these centres, the staff is educated to understand the needs of these children and their proper handling. The staff ensures the environment at the centres is a happy welcoming one, and the children look forward to coming day after day. Since the staff provides the crucial interface with the beneficiaries, they are trained extensively in health care and maintaining of health records. They are trained in all activities required to manage the centre, right from ensuring the inventory to record keeping. Emphasis is laid on developing communication skills so that the teachers can engage in storytelling, street plays, organize community meetings, design and participate in dance, music, etc.
When the children go home from the centres, their needs still should be taken care of for a holistic development. The teachers are taught to train the mothers how to contribute in the development of the child through the use of regular household items. The staff run the show at the crèches and carry out all activities from assessing the requirement of space and supplies based on the number of children being enrolled to their all-round development.
The Bal Palika Training Programme 3
This course is only run for women and is divided into training capsules providing rich practical experience. Tara Mobile Crèches has trained over 1300 teachers in the Pune Municipal Corporation under this program.
Other than this certificate course, other types of need-based training are provided at Tara Mobile Crèches such as: Six-month training for entry-level aspirants. One-day duration training for the crèche staff. This training is conducted thrice a year. One-day training for program coordinators and centre In charge each quarter. One-day training program in child participation every month.
Ensuring Personal and Organizational Engagement
In spite of the meager salaries, long work hours, commuting challenges and shifting workplaces, the staff at Tara Mobile Crèches (Annexure C) are totally unswerving in their commitment. Serving 1,000 children in seventeen centres across the city of Pune is no mean task and is possible only when the 99 employees of Tara Mobile Crèches are holistically dedicated. The entire staff of female employees is developed into natural caregivers and handles the children with love and responsibility. They themselves come from the economically lower strata of society facing similar economic and social challenges. Tara Mobile Crèches provides them with an identity of their own; a liberating force to break free from the traditional social shackles which inhibit them. Tara Mobile Crèches is an avenue where problems can be shared for finding solutions. Tara Mobile Crèches gives them financial independence and aspirations for a better life. But above all, the deep satisfaction of having served a noble cause, that is, of ensuring a good childhood for the children of Tara Mobile Crèches surpasses all rewards. It is this compelling driver that enables the staff of Tara Mobile Crèches to deliver care against all odds. Tara Mobile Crèches consciously builds this realization through its training programs and culture. It emphasizes the importance and the role these employees play in serving the greater cause of providing a childhood to children leading to the upliftment of the community of construction workers. Tara Mobile Crèches follow a four-layered model (Annexure E). The four layers of impact have the child at its heart who is the focal point of all activity, the construction workers community, the builder community and the society. This conviction of working for a greater cause is the nectar for the very sustenance of the organization. Had it not been for this unflinching faith one of its centres would not be up and running today. Tara Mobile Crèches centre was operating out of a dingy room but bustling with 100 children in one of its centres. The construction site was a hostile site with problems of vandalism. The crèche premises were often robbed during the night and used for consuming liquor by the community in the vicinity. Workers would defecate around and on the crèche premises. Faced with these difficulties, the management contemplated closing down the centre. The strongest voices of negation came from the staff at the centre. In spite of having no fear of losing their jobs as they would be absorbed in other centres of Tara Mobile Crèches, the staff was deeply concerned for the future of the hundred children at the centre. They knew if that centre was closed down, these children had no hope for a childhood or a future. The staff was determined to persevere in spite of the mounting problems only to safeguard the interest of the children.
It is a common criticism against NGOs that they are zealously driven to improve the lot of their target population but tend to ignore the employees who are the key enablers in the process. It is critical to engage the employees and ensure their growth before any impact can be made on the targeted disadvantaged groups for their development. At Tara Mobile Crèches key initiatives are undertaken in earnest to engage the employees. As Gallup put forth in his report on Employee Engagement—‘Engaging employees requires a year-round focus on changing behaviors, processes, and systems to anticipate and respond to your organization’s needs. From the leadership team to the frontline employees, all levels within an organization must commit to making these changes’ (Gallup Consulting, 2008). At Tara Mobile Crèches, the realization that its employees are the key to achieving its mission, it imparts intensive and extensive training for 8 months. Through indoctrination and practice, it ensures the employees not only acquire the skills and competencies but also inculcate the right attitude towards their work and beneficiaries. In this line of work, commitment and dedication is of equal importance as the right skills and competencies. Ultimately, the biggest challenge is to get the human resources and keep them engaged to make a difference. Tara Mobile Crèches makes it a priority not only to identify leadership potential but also to focus intently on the career paths for its staff and managers. Employees rendering good performance have been rewarded and have progressed their career paths. To reward performance and create accountability, Tara Mobile Crèches has a comprehensive performance appraisal system in place. This helps drive performance on an ongoing basis through a combination of measurement, reporting, learning, action planning and strategic interventions. The CEO and the managers are actively involved in activities ranging from strategic planning to grass root delivery. There are monthly meetings where the staff from all the centres meets at the head office to discuss and resolve their issue by consultation and consensus. The staff is empowered to act like line managers and take the onus of their successes and failures. This people strategy holds the employee accountable for their performance, aligns communication and builds development opportunities for leaders, managers and the staff resulting in sustained employee engagement. These different strokes ensure deep-rooted engagement of employees which is manifested in the level of delivery of performance and low attrition rates.
Contribution of Volunteers
Tara Mobile Crèches also has volunteers who help it to achieve its mission. The volunteers help in teaching the children and organize activities for learning and entertainment for the children. In areas where the staff may not be competent to deliver, the volunteers supplement the activities of the staff. They impart English training and computer skills, math and assistance in completing home work of the school-going children. The volunteers also help in organizing outdoor visits for the children. There are regular talks by the volunteers which motivate and inspire the children. They act as the window to the world and kindle aspirations to aspire and strive to achieve much in life. The interaction with the volunteers instills confidence and hope that they too can do well in life one day. The volunteers nearly account for 20% of the service contribution at Tara Mobile Crèches. Every centre has a project with a specific theme which changes every month for teaching the children. The volunteers help in designing the projects and the scheme for dissemination of information to the children in lucid and interesting ways. While the contribution of volunteers is valuable, it is not adequate. As Aditya Dhuri, the HR manager says ‘It is difficult to find enough number of people who are socially conscious and at the same time have the time to make a difference’.
Challenges and the Road Ahead
Tara Mobile Crèches has come a long way in achieving the dream and mission of Meera Mahadevan but the road has been rough and bumpy. Tara Mobile Crèches needs to grow beyond 17 centres at Pune construction sites. At the rate at which Pune is growing, there is a large population of construction worker’s children to be reached out to. They are in dire need of the services of Tara Mobile Crèches but are unable to avail them as the reach and the size of Tara Mobile Crèches is restricted. There is the need to grow but how should Tara Mobile Crèches embark on this journey of growth? Tara Mobile Crèches believes in providing service for holistic development of the child and from age groups spanning from birth to up to 14 years. It is fully aware of the scope and extent of coverage where it can make a difference but does not want to scale up in haste as it fears it may dilute its mission. As explained by Ms Pranita, CEO, Tara Mobile Crèches, ‘the organization is in the process of consolidating its systems and process and scaling up in terms of numbers of centres can wait till robust systems are built up. If the fundamentals are strong scaling up can be expedited and far reaching’. What model or process should Tara Mobile Crèches use to expand its reach and impact? How can Tara Mobile Crèches consolidate its systems and processes to enable easy replication of its centres? The vision of Tara Mobile Crèches can only be realized through engaged employees. While Tara Mobile Crèches focuses on creating engagement, can it shorten its employee development cycles?
Being in a sector that is not financially very lucrative, talent acquisition is a challenge. What are the ways in which the organization can attract not just competent but committed talent? At present, the volunteers contribute about 20% of the services given at Tara Mobile Crèches and the scope is limited to organizing outings or having an interactive session with the children. Volunteers can be a force to reckon with in the Not-for-Profit sector. What can Tara Mobile Crèches do to maximize and leverage the contributions of the volunteers?
The staff at Tara Mobile Crèches is the critical resource that enables it to deliver its mission of providing carefree childhood. It is important that they are engaged with their work to be able to give care to underprivileged children. But the challenge lies in the fact that the staff themselves come from humble backgrounds hence sustaining their engagement levels is tough. The service they render is commendable but it still fetches them meager salaries. The staff faces many hurdles at a personal and organizational front. Many find it difficult to convince family members of the need for such a job. They are required to travel to remote locations to the construction sites which is time consuming and cumbersome. They often operate out of primitive facilities at the centres. Despite such constraints, it is important that the staff remain motivated. What measures can Tara Mobile Crèches take to keep their employees engaged?
The construction worker community is an unorganized community with little power to protect their rights. They are often brought to construction sites by contractors and may not even be registered with the builder. In case of any contingency, they are unable to get medical or other benefits. Tara Mobile Crèches is vociferous about giving a good childhood to every child, it stays muted about fighting for the legal rights of workers and their empowerment. Ultimately, the aim is not to benefit individuals but to uplift and empower the community of construction workers. This will require interventions at grassroot levels to policy advocacy at the national level and change in the mindset of the diverse stakeholders.
Tara Mobile Crèches with its vision of all children to have a nurturing and happy childhood and the mission to promote ‘child-friendly sites’, is working towards a future where every child living on a construction site is safe, healthy, educated, and able to enjoy their childhood. It is a humongous task, but certainly not impossible given the engagement Tara Mobile Crèches is able to inculcate.
List of Tara Mobile Creches centres in Pune.
Employee Strength of Tara Mobile Crèches.
Footnotes
Acknowledgement
The authors would like to thank Ms Pranita, CEO Tara Mobile Crèches, Pune.
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.
Disclaimer
This case is written solely for educational purposes and is not intended to represent successful or unsuccessful managerial decision making. The authors may have disguised names; financial and other recognizable information to protect confidentiality.
Funding
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.
