Human trafficking is a global phenomenon that affects people of all ages, races, gender and ethnicities. Bride trafficking is one of the worst forms of human trafficking. Many other social evils such as child marriage, domestic violence, bonded labour and prostitution are linked to bride trafficking. Bride trafficking is rampant in India since eons. Hence, there is a need to understand the underlying causes, consequences, effects and repercussions. This article explores the phenomena of bride trafficking within the larger framework of human trafficking and the available legal provisions to address it.
AssemblyU. G. (2000). Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, supplementing the United Nations convention against transnational organized crime. GA Res, 55, 25.
2.
ChauhanA. (2003). Kinship principles and the pattern of marriage alliance: The Meos of Mewat. Sociological Bulletin, 52(1), 71–90.
3.
ChauhanN. (2018, March31). Nepal girls trafficked into India up by 500% in the last 5 years: SSB report. The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/nepal-girls-trafficked-into-india-up-by-500-in-last-5-years-ssb-report/articleshow/63551720.cms
4.
GuptaR., & SinhaR. (2007). Confronting the demand for sex-trafficking: A handbook for law enforcement.
5.
HAQ: Centre for Child Rights. (2016). Child trafficking in India. http://haqcrc.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/child-trafficking-in-india-report.pdf
6.
HossainS., & TurnerS. (2001). Abduction for forced marriage–Rights and remedies in Bangladesh and Pakistan. International Family Law, 1(64), 15–24.
7.
International Labour Organization (ILO). (2006). The demand side of human trafficking in Asia: Empirical findings. http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/—asia/—ro-bangkok/documents/publication/wcms_bk_pb_73_en.pdf
8.
International Labour Organisation (ILO). (2012). ILO global estimate of forced labour: Results and methodology. ILO.
9.
JiangQ., & Sánchez-BarricarteJ.J. (2013). Child trafficking in China. China Report, 49(3), 317–335.
10.
KaraS. (2011). Supply and demand: Human trafficking in the global economy. Harvard International Review, 33(2), 66–71.
11.
KaurR. (2004). Across-region marriages: Poverty, female migration and the sex ratio. Economic and Political Weekly, 39, 2595–2603.
12.
KimJ. (2010). Trafficked: Domestic violence, exploitation in marriage, and the foreign-bridge industry. Virginia Journal of International Law, 51, 443.
13.
NCRB. (2016). Crime in India 2016 statistics. http://ncrb.gov.in/StatPublications/CII/CII2016/pdfs/NEWPDFs/Crime%20in%20India%20-%202016%20Complete%20PDF%20291117.pdf
14.
PalriwalaR., & UberoiP. (2005). Marriage and migration in Asia gender issues. Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 12(2–3), 5–29.
RahmanS. (2013). Bride trafficking in India. Journal of Development Management Volume, 1(1), 37–46.
17.
RazaD. (2014, March23). When women come cheaper than cattle. Hindustan Times. http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/when-women-come-cheaper-than-cattle/story-EJD38cJ4kaTGVn03LJzUkJ.html
18.
ReddyS. U. (2017, October7). Zero conviction rate spurs flesh trade, most cases in legal tangle. The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/zero-conviction-rate-spurs-flesh-trade-most-cases-in-legal-tangle/articleshow/60935486.cms
19.
SarkarS. (2014). Rethinking human trafficking in India: Nature, extent and identification of survivors. The Round Table, 103(5), 483–495.
20.
SenS., & NairP. M. (2006). A report on trafficking in women and children in India 2002–2003. Methodology, 33, 39.
21.
ShamsS. (1983). Meos of India, their customs and laws. Deep & Deep Publications.
22.
SharmaS. (2012, December15). Living hell: Women bought, sold in Mewat. The Tribune. http://www.tribuneindia.com/2012/20121216/haryana.htm#1
23.
SikandY. (1995). Meonis of Mewat. Economic and Political Weekly, 30(10), 490–492. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4402467
24.
SindhuS. (2015). Indian perspective on the legal response towards rights of child: An interview. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Approach & Studies, 2(1), 8.
25.
SrivastavaM. (2010, January21). The new white flesh trade. India Today. http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/the+new+white+flesh+trade/1/80283.html
26.
The Protection Project. (2012). A human rights report on trafficking in persons, especially women and children. http://www.protectionproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/India.pdf
27.
UNICEF. (2005). Children out of sight, out of mind, out of reach; Abused and neglected, millions of children have become virtually invisible. UNICEF.
28.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2013). Current status of victim service providers and criminal justice actors in India on anti human trafficking. UNODC. http://www.unodc.org/documents/southasia//reports/Human_Trafficking-10-05-13.pdf
29.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). (2016). Global report on trafficking in persons, 2016. http://www.unodc.org/documents/data-andanalysis/glotip/2016_Global_Report_on_Trafficking_in_Persons.pdf
30.
United State Department of State. (2003). Trafficking in persons report. http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2003/
