Analysis of spatial form and structure of commercial pedestrian blocks based on Isovist and big data

Abstract

Commercial pedestrian blocks play an indispensable role in urban life. With the development of urban commercial intensification, the construction of commercial pedestrian blocks has ushered in a period of rapid development. To explore the spatial form and structural features of commercial pedestrian blocks, we examined the Qingniwa-Tianjin Street commercial pedestrian block in Dalian, China. We developed a new quantitative research method, using Isovist-App software simulation, big data statistics and Arc GIS analysis methods to explore the spatial morphological structure characteristics of commercial districts. The results show that Tianjin Street’s pedestrian axis has low spatial permeability and monotonous browsing routes. This suggests that the outdoor pedestrian space design does not attract crowds to wander around and stroll. The overall centrality of the space was relatively high, and the spatial accessibility was good. The walking route provided a wide field of vision, stimulating people’s desire for exploration. The space is highly guided, and people can visit according to the designed route. There is a big difference in the spatial aggregation and dispersion of POI facilities. Transportation, sports, and leisure facilities are the most evenly distributed, while shopping and life service street facilities vary considerably. During holidays, the intensity and duration of crowd activities are the largest, followed by working days and weekends. The people in the block mainly gather in the western and southern commercial complexes, and the attractiveness of outdoor pedestrian streets is lower than that of commercial complexes. Node space B has pedestrian streets with varying spatial interfaces and inconsistent visual appeal. The results can be used to support the spatial form and structural renewal design of commercial pedestrian blocks. The methods presented in this study provide a quantitative approach for the spatial analysis of other functional areas in the city.

Keywords

Isovist-APP POI heat map commercial pedestrian district spatial form and structure

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Babicki

Arndt

Marcu

, et al. (2016) Heatmapper: web-enabled heat mapping for all. Nucleic Acids Research 44(W1): W147–W153.

Batty

(2001) Exploring isovist fields: space and shape in architectural and urban morphology. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 28(1): 123–150.

Benedikt

(1979) To take hold of space - isovists and isovist fields. Environment and Planning B-Planning & Design 6(1): 47–65.

Berlyne

(1970) Novelty, complexity, and hedonic value. Perception & Psychophysics 8(5A): 279–286.

Cai

Liu

, et al. (2019) Sensing multiple semantics of urban space from crowdsourcing positioning data. Cities 93: 31–42.

Chenweishan

Liang

(2016) Retail center recognition and spatial aggregating feature analysis of retail formats in Guangzhou based on POI data. Geographical Research 35(4): 703–716.

Huang

, et al. (2020) Survey and analysis on the satisfaction of commercial consumption in Kuan & Zhai Alley. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 470: 012004012007012004012007.

Fisher-Gewirtzman

Shashkov

Doytsher

(2013) Voxel based volumetric visibility analysis of urban environments. Survey Review 45(333): 451–461.

Fisher-Gewirtzman

Wagner

(2003) Spatial openness as a practical metric for evaluating built-up environments. Environment and Planning B-Planning & Design 30(1): 37–49.

10.

Fominykh

Wild

Smith

, et al. (2015) An overview of capturing live experience with virtual and augmented reality. In: Preuveneers

(ed) Workshop Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Intelligent Environments, pp. 298–305.

11.

Freeman

(1977) A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness. Sociometry 40: 35–41.

12.

Gao

Janowicz

Couclelis

(2017) Extracting urban functional regions from points of interest and human activities on location-based social networks. Transactions in Gis 21(3): 446–467.

13.

Gatrell

(1985) The social logic of space - Hillier, B, Hanson, J. Progress in Human Geography 9(3): 468–469.

14.

Guo

Cui

, et al. (2021) Research on dynamic visual attraction evaluation method of commercial street based on eye movement perception. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 21: 1779–1791. DOI: 10.1080/13467581.2021.1944872.

15.

Hillier

(2007) Space Is the Machine: A Configurational Theory of Architecture. Londres: Space Syntax.

16.

Hillier

Burdett

Peponis

, et al. (1986) Creating life: or, does architecture determine anything? Architecture & Comportement/Architecture & Behaviour 3(3): 233–250.

17.

Hillier

Yang

Turner

(2012) Advancing DepthMap to advance our understanding of cities: comparing streets and cities and streets with cities. Proceedings: Eighth International Space Syntax Symposium.

18.

Jia

Qiu

Gaughan

(2014) A fine-scale spatial population distribution on the high-resolution gridded population surface and application in Alachua County, Florida. Applied Geography 50: 99–107.

19.

Kim

(2019) A new 3D space syntax metric based on 3D isovist capture in urban space using remote sensing technology. Computers Environment and Urban Systems 74: 74–87.

20.

Lee

Yoon

C-J

(2015) Sequential analysis on the intensity of store information to the commercial street - from the viewpoint of pedestrian movement. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 14(3): 617–624.

21.

Lonergan

Hedley

(2016) Unpacking isovists: a framework for 3D spatial visibility analysis. Cartography and Geographic Information Science 43(2): 87–102.

22.

Long Ying

(2016) Quantitative evaluation of street vitality and analysis of influencing factors——Taking Chengdu as an example. New Architecture(01): 52–57.

23.

Lyu

Bertolini

Pfeffer

(2016) Developing a TOD typology for Beijing metro station areas. Journal of Transport Geography 55: 40–50.

24.

Meng

Zhu

Zeng

(2014) The research on the system of level of service of the city commercial pedestrian street. In Applied Mechanics and Materials (Vol. 505, pp. 656–665). Trans Tech Publications Ltd.

25.

Montgomery

(1998) The death and life of great American cities. Journal of the American Planning Association 64(3): 269–274.

26.

Ostwald

Dawes

(2020) The Spatio-visual geometry of the hollyhock house: a mathematical analysis of the ‘wright space’ using isovist fields. Nexus Network Journal 22(1): 211–228.

27.

Portman

Natapov

Fisher-Gewirtzman

(2015) To go where no man has gone before: virtual reality in architecture, landscape architecture and environmental planning. Computers Environment and Urban Systems 54: 376–384.

28.

Raman

Mertan

(2014) A standardized set of 260 pictures for Turkish: norms of name and image agreement, age of acquisition, visual complexity, and conceptual familiarity. Behavior Research Methods 46(2): 588–595.

29.

Rosenblatt

(1956) Remarks on some nonparametric estimates of a density function. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics 27(3): 832–837.

30.

Sha

Chuanjia

Ziyu

(2018) Research on location selection of urban sculpture based on big data. Case study of Taizhou. 2018 26th International Conference on Geoinformatics, Kunming, China, 28–30 June 2018: 4. DOI: 10.1109/geoinformatics.2018.8557105.

31.

Sharifi Noorian

Sihang

Psyllidis

, et al. (2020) Detecting, Classifying, and Mapping Retail Storefronts Using Street-Level Imagery.

32.

Shaw

S-L

Tsou

M-H

(2016) Editorial: human dynamics in the mobile and big data era. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 30(9): 1687–1693.

33.

Shen

Karimi

(2016) Urban function connectivity: characterisation of functional urban streets with social media check-in data. Cities 55: 9–21.

34.

Simpson

Richter

K-F

Wallgrun

, et al. (2017) Quantifying space, understanding minds: a visual summary approach. Journal of Spatial Information Science(14): 95–136. DOI: 10.5311/josis.2017.14.292.

35.

Teklenburg

JAF

Timmermans

HJP

Vanwagenberg

(1993) Space syntax - standardized integration measures and some simulations. Environment and Planning B-Planning & Design 20(3): 347–357.

36.

Turner

Doxa

O’Sullivan

, et al. (2001) From isovists to visibility graphs: a methodology for the analysis of architectural space. Environment and Planning B-Planning & Design 28(1): 103–121.

37.

Tzortzi

(2004) Building and exhibition layout: sainsbury wing compared with castelvecchio. Architectural Research Quarterly 8(2): 128–140.

38.

Varoudis

Psarra

(2014) Beyond two dimensions: architecture through three dimensional visibility graph analysis, pp. 91–108.

39.

Ren

, et al. (2018) Check-in behaviour and spatio-temporal vibrancy: an exploratory analysis in Shenzhen, China. Cities 77: 104–116.

40.

Zheng

, et al. (2020) Identification of urban functional regions based on POI Data and Place2vec Model. Geography and Geo-Information Science 36(4): 48–56.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.71 MB