In the meantime, researchers introduced a new type of heat transfer fluid called hybrid nanofluids (HN-fluids) to expand the thermal characteristics of nanofluids, which already have several significant features. HN-fluids are characterized by either dissolving multiple types of nanoparticles as independent components or dispersing composite nanoparticles in base fluid. Due to the synergistic impacts of nanoparticles, HN-fluids exhibit superior thermal and rheological properties. HN-fluids might exhibit better thermal characteristics and heat transfer when compared to regular heat transfer fluids like water, ethylene glycol and nanofluids containing only one type of nanoparticle. This study investigates the dynamics of a hybrid Casson nanofluid as it moves down a stretched cylinder and the heat it transfers. Mixed convection and slip flow, as well as the bump of nanoparticle characteristics, are all a component of this analysis. The most important flow equations are constructed in a setting where PDEs predominate. Formulae are converted into ODEs by suitable transformations, and the RKF-45 computational methodology is then used to identify the self-similar solution. Two diverse kinds of nano solid-particles Fe2O3 and Se with H2O based fluid are considered in this study. Important results for the different variables are drawn up graphically in the flowing temperature and velocity field. It is found that, the rapid velocity decrement in velocity is observed when parameter gets increasing values. Additionally, the nanoparticles temperature strengthens for an enhanced with parameter.
WahidNSArifinNMKhashi'ieNS, et al. Mixed convection of a three-dimensional stagnation point flow on a vertical plate with surface slip in a hybrid nanofluid. Chin J Phys2021; 74: 129–143.
2.
QureshiMAHussainSSadiqMA.Numerical simulations of MHD mixed convection of hybrid nanofluid flow in a horizontal channel with cavity: impact on heat transfer and hydrodynamic forces. Case Stud Therm Eng2021; 27: 101321.
3.
IslamSKhanAKumamP, et al. Radiative mixed convection flow of Maxwell nanofluid over a stretching cylinder with joule heating and heat source/sink effects. Sci Rep2020; 10(1): 17823.
4.
Al-HassaniKAAlamMSRahmanMM.Numerical simulations of hydromagnetic mixed convection flow of nanofluids inside a triangular cavity on the basis of a two-component nonhomogeneous mathematical model. Fluid Dyn Mater Process2021; 17: 1–20.
5.
PatelHR.Cross diffusion and heat generation effects on mixed convection stagnation point MHD Carreau fluid flow in a porous medium. Int J Ambient Energy2022; 43(1): 4990–5005.
6.
AdhikariRDasS.Biological transmission in a magnetized reactive Casson–Maxwell nanofluid over a tilted stretchy cylinder in an entropy framework. Chin J Phys2023; 86: 194–226.
7.
SarkarSDasS.Gyrotactic microbes’ movement in a magneto-nano-polymer induced by a stretchable cylindrical surface set in a DF porous medium subject to non-linear radiation and Arrhenius kinetics. Int J Model Simul2025; 45(2): 387–404.
8.
MakindeODMishraSR.Chemically reacting MHD mixed convection variable viscosity Blasius flow embedded in a porous medium. Defect Diffus Forum2017; 374: 83–91.
9.
AliASarkarSDasS.Bioconvective chemically reactive entropy optimized cross-nano-material conveying oxytactic microorganisms over a flexible cylinder with Lorentz force and Arrhenius kinetics. Math Comput Simul2023; 205: 1029–1051.
10.
NisarKSMohapatraRMishraSR, et al. Semi-analytical solution of MHD free convective Jeffrey fluid flow in the presence of heat source and chemical reaction. Ain Shams Eng J2021; 12(1): 837–845.
11.
SarkarSDasS.Magneto-thermo-bioconvection of a chemically sensitive cross nanofluid with an infusion of gyrotactic microorganisms over a lubricious cylindrical surface: statistical analysis. Int J Model Simul2023; 43(6): 980–1001.
12.
PattnaikPKMoapatraDK, et al. Influence of velocity slip on the MHD flow of a micropolar fluid over a stretching surface. In: Recent trends in applied mathematics: select proceedings of AMSE2019, pp.307–321.
13.
AliASarkarSDasS, et al. A report on entropy generation and Arrhenius kinetics in magneto-bioconvective flow of cross nanofluid over a cylinder with wall slip. Int J Ambient Energy2022; 43: 6553–6568.
14.
AliASarkarSDasS, et al. Investigation of Cattaneo–Christov double diffusions theory in bioconvective slip flow of radiated magneto-cross-nanomaterial over stretching cylinder/plate with activation energy. Int J Appl Comput Math2021; 7(5): 208.
15.
ChoiSUEastmanJA. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. (No. ANL/MSD/CP–84938; CONF-951135-29). Argonne National Lab.(ANL), Argonne, IL, 1995.
16.
MakindeODAzizA.Boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a stretching sheet with a convective boundary condition. Int J Therm Sci2011; 50(7): 1326–1332.
17.
AnwarMIKhanISharidanS.Conjugate effects of heat and mass transfer of nanofluids over a nonlinear stretching sheet. Int J Phys Sci2012; 7(26): 4081–4092.
18.
MaboodFKhanWAIsmailAIM. MHD boundary layer flow and heat transfer of nanofluids over a nonlinear stretching sheet: a numerical study. J Magn Mater2015; 374: 569–576.
19.
PandeyAKKumarM.Natural convection and thermal radiation influence on nanofluid flow over a stretching cylinder in a porous medium with viscous dissipation. Alex Eng J2017; 56(1): 55–62.
20.
ZangooeeMRHosseinzadehKGanjDD.Investigation of three-dimensional hybrid nanofluid flow affected by nonuniform MHD over exponential stretching/shrinking plate. Nonlinear Eng2022; 11(1): 143–155.
21.
HosseinzadehSHosseinzadehKHasibiA, et al. Hydrothermal analysis on non-Newtonian nanofluid flow of blood through porous vessels. Proc IMechE Part E: J Process Mechanical Engineering2022; 6(4): 1604–1615.
22.
SheikholeslamiMAbelmanSGanjiDD.Numerical simulation of MHD nanofluid flow and heat transfer considering viscous dissipation. Int J Heat Mass Transf2014; 79: 212–222.
23.
HayatTNadeemS.Heat transfer enhancement with Ag–CuO/water hybrid nanofluid. Results Phys2017; 7: 2317–2324.
24.
MominGG.Experimental investigation of mixed convection with water-Al2O3 & hybrid nanofluid in inclined tube for laminar flow. Int J Sci Technol Res2013; 2(12): 195–202.
25.
SureshSVenkitarajKPSelvakumarP, et al. Synthesis of Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluids using two step method and its thermo physical properties. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp2011; 388(1–3): 41–48.
26.
SureshSVenkitarajKPSelvakumarP, et al. Effect of Al2O3–Cu/water hybrid nanofluid in heat transfer. Exp Therm Fluid Sci2012; 38: 54–60.
27.
SureshSVenkitarajKPHameedMS, et al. Turbulent heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of dilute water based Al2O3-Cu hybrid nanofluids. J Nanosci Nanotechnol2014; 14(3): 2563–2572.
28.
ShatnawiTAMAbbasNShatanawiW. Comparative study of Casson hybrid nanofluid models with induced magnetic radiative flow over a vertical permeable exponentially stretching sheet. AIMS Math2022; 7(12): 20545–20564.
29.
AbbasNShatanawiW.Heat and mass transfer of micropolar-Casson nanofluid over vertical variable stretching Riga sheet. Energies2022; 15(14): 4945.
30.
LiPZ. DuraihemFAwanAU, et al. Heat transfer of hybrid nanomaterials base Maxwell micropolar fluid flow over an exponentially stretching surface. Nanomater2022; 12(7): 1207.
31.
AbbasNNadeemSSaleemA.Computational analysis of water based Cu - Al2O3/H2O flow over a vertical wedge. Adv Mech Eng2020; 12(11): 1687814020968322.
32.
PattnaikPKParidaSKMishraSR, et al. Analysis of metallic nanoparticles (Cu, Al2O3, and SWCNTs) on magnetohydrodynamics water-based nanofluid through a porous medium. J Math2022; 2022(1): 3237815.
33.
BhattiMMPattnaikPKAbbasMA, et al. Free convective flow of Hamilton-crosser model gold-water nanofluid through a channel with permeable moving walls. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen2022; 25(7): 1103–1114.
34.
AmirsomNAUddinMJMd BasirMF, et al. Three-dimensional bioconvection nanofluid flow from a bi-axial stretching sheet with anisotropic slip. Sains Malays2019; 48(5): 1137–1149.
35.
FerdowsMHossainAUddinMJ, et al. New similarity solutions of magnetohydrodynamic flow over horizontal plate by lie group with nonlinear hydrodynamic and linear thermal and mass slips. J Nonlinear Math Phys2023; 30(4): 1601–1620.
36.
UddinMJAmirsomNABégOA, et al. Computation of bio-nano-convection power law slip flow from a needle with blowing effects in a porous medium. Waves Random Complex Media2025; 35(2): 2991–3011.
37.
Tuz ZohraFUddinMJBasirMF, et al. Magnetohydrodynamic bio-nano-convective slip flow with Stefan blowing effects over a rotating disc. Proc IMechE, Part N: J Nanomaterials, Nanoengineering and Nanosystems2020; 234(3-4): 83–97.
38.
ZohraFTUddinMJIsmailAIM. Magnetohydrodynamic bio-nanoconvective naiver slip flow of micropolar fluid in a stretchable horizontal channel. Heat Transf Asian Res2019; 48(8): 3636–3656.
39.
MustafaMKhanJA.Model for flow of Casson nanofluid past a non-linearly stretching sheet considering magnetic field effects. AIP Adv2015; 5(7): 077148.
40.
Ravindranath ReddyGRamakrishna ReddyK. Casson nanofluid performance on MHD convective flow past a semi-infinite inclined permeable moving plate in presence of heat and mass transfer. Heat Transf2022; 51(8): 7307–7327.
41.
SiddiquiAShankarB. MHD flow and heat transfer of Casson nanofluid through a porous media over a stretching sheet. In: KandelousiMSAmeenSAkhtarMS, et al. (eds), Nanofluid flow in porous media, IntechOpen, London, 2019, p. 244.
42.
OyelakinISMondalSSibandaP.Unsteady Casson nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet with thermal radiation, convective and slip boundary conditions. Alex Eng J2016; 55(2): 1025–1035.
43.
ReddyKVReddyGVAkgülA, et al. Numerical solution of MHD Casson fluid flow with variable properties across an inclined porous stretching sheet. AIMS Math2022; 7(12): 20524–20542.
44.
AlkamMKAl-NimrMA.Improving the performance of double-pipe heat exchangers by using porous substrates. Int J Heat Mass Transf1999; 42(19): 3609–3618.
45.
OzgumusTMobediM.Effect of pore to throat size ratio on interfacial heat transfer coefficient of porous media. J Heat Transf2015; 137(1): 012602.
46.
ChoiCYooHSOhJM.Preparation and heat transfer properties of nanoparticle-in-transformer oil dispersions as advanced energy-efficient coolants. Curr Appl Phys2008; 8(6): 710–712.
Khashi'ieNSArifinNMPopI, et al. Flow and heat transfer of hybrid nanofluid over a permeable shrinking cylinder with Joule heating: a comparative analysis. Alex Eng J2020; 59(3): 1787–1798.
49.
Khashi’ieNSArifinNMHafidzuddinEH, et al. Thermally stratified flow of Cu-Al2O3/water hybrid nanofluid past a permeable stretching/shrinking circular cylinder. J Adv Res Fluid Mech Therm Sci2019; 63(1): 154–163.
50.
AbbasNNadeemSKhanMN.Numerical analysis of unsteady magnetized micropolar fluid flow over a curved surface. J Therm Anal Calorim2022; 147(11): 6449–6459.
51.
MukhopadhyayS.MHD boundary layer slip flow along a stretching cylinder. Ain Shams Eng J2013; 4(2): 317–324.
52.
TamoorM.MHD convective boundary layer slip flow and heat transfer over nonlinearly stretching cylinder embedded in a thermally stratified medium. Results Phys2017; 7: 4247–4252.
