Analysis of radiative non-Newtonian ternary hybrid nanofluid flow in a squeezed arterial channel with electroosmosis effects

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the flow dynamics and thermal behavior of a radiative non-Newtonian ternary hybrid nanofluid within a squeezed arterial channel, considering the intricate effects of electroosmosis and thermal radiation. The ternary hybrid nanofluid is composed of copper (Cu), copper oxide (CuO), and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles suspended in a non-Newtonian base fluid, capturing the enhanced thermal and rheological characteristics essential for biomedical and engineering applications. The non-Newtonian behavior is modeled to reflect the complex viscoelastic nature of blood, while the channel geometry simulates a physiologically relevant squeezing motion. Electrokinetic effects are incorporated through the electric double layer (EDL), with potential distribution approximated via the Debye–Hückel linearization technique. Thermal radiation is modeled using the Rosseland diffusion approximation to account for energy transport due to radiative heat flux. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations. These equations are then solved numerically via the finite element method using Mathematica 11.3 software. The results reveal that the interaction between magnetic field intensity (quantified by the Hartmann number) and electroosmotic effects (influenced by the zeta potential) produces opposing impacts on the velocity and temperature profiles of the nanofluid. An increase in the Hartmann number suppresses the velocity due to Lorentz force-induced resistance, while a higher zeta potential enhances fluid motion by strengthening the electroosmotic flow. The addition of CuO, Cu, and TiO₂ nanoparticles significantly boosts thermal conductivity, leading to an overall increase in temperature distribution within the channel. These findings offer critical insights for optimizing nanofluidic transport in biomedical devices, drug delivery systems, and microscale heat transfer applications, where enhanced flow control and thermal management are essential.