This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the flow and heat transfer characteristics of non-Newtonian based ternary hybrid nanofluid over a curved extending sheet under the influence of radially applied magnetic field. The effects of Ohmic heating and viscous dissipation are also considered to make the study more generic. Graphene oxide, iron oxide, and zirconium oxide are utilized as nanoparticles immersed in the ethylene glycol to investigate the rheological properties of the nanofluid. The non-Newtonian Riner-Philippoff fluid model is opted to describe the stresses in the Navier-Stokes equations. Through appropriate transformations, the governing equations are renewed into non-similar form. The local non-similar method is employed to numerically solve the resulting partial differential equations. A behavior of flow and heat transfer is briefed through the graphical representation of the numerical results. It is observed that among the various formulations, the ternary nanofluid exerts a more pronounced effect on the drag and heat flux at the surface as compared to the hybrid and mono nanofluids. Further, Riner-Philippoff fluid parameter and curvature parameter are potential factors to control the drag and heat transfer. This research provides insight on approaches to improving thermal management systems for use in engineering, especially in areas like cooling microelectronics, extruding polymers, and transporting fluids in the medical profession.
SreenivasanKRWhiteCM. The onset of drag reduction by dilute polymer additives, and the maximum drag reduction asymptote. J Fluid Mech2000; 409: 149–164.
2.
ProcacciaIL’vovVSBenziR. Theory of drag reduction by polymers in wall-bounded turbulence. Rev Mod Phys2008; 80: 225–247.
3.
AtharMAhmadA. Behavior of fluid flow and heat transfer induced by a stretching surface in the presence of polymers. Phys Scr2021; 2021: 095203.
4.
ChoiSUSEastmanJA. 1995). Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. In: Proceedings of 1995 ASME international mechanical engineering congress and exposition, FED231/MD66, pp.99–105. San Francisco, CA: ASME.
5.
BuongiornoJ. Convective transport in nanofluids. J Heat Transf2006; 128: 240–250.
6.
AlbojamalAVafaiK. Analysis of particle deposition of nanofluid flow through porous media. Int J Heat Mass Transf2020; 161: 120227.
7.
IshaqAAhmadA. Blasius–Rayleigh–Stokes flow of nanofluid past an isothermal magnetized surface. Adv Mech Eng2021; 13(10): 1--12. DOI: 10.1177/16878140211 051818
8.
PattnaikPKMishraSBaitharuAP, et al. Cu-kerosene and Al2O3-kerosene boundary layer nanofluid flow past a stretching/shrinking surface. Proc IMechE, Part N: J Nanoengineering and Nanosystems2023; 237(3–4): 75–81.
9.
Chandini PattanaikPJenaSMishraSR. Control of magnetic dissipation and radiation on an unsteady stagnation point nanofluid flow: a numerical approach. Mod Phys Lett B2024; 38(09): 2450039.
10.
KuznetsovAVNieldDA. Natural convective boundary-layer flow of a nanofluid past a vertical plate. Int J Therm Sci2010; 49(2): 243–247.
11.
KhanUNaveen KumarRZaibA, et al. Time-dependent flow of water-based ternary hybrid nanoparticles over a radially contracting/expanding and rotating permeable stretching sphere. Therm Sci Eng Prog2022; 36: 101521.
12.
ElsebaeeFAABilalMMahmoudSR, et al. Motile micro-organism-based trihybrid nanofluid flow with an application of magnetic effect across a slender stretching sheet: numerical approach. AIP Adv2023; 13(3): 035--237. DOI: 10.1063/5.0144191
13.
AliAAhmedMAhmadA, et al. Enhanced heat transfer analysis of hybrid nanofluid over a Riga plate: incorporating Lorentz forces and entropy generation. Tribol Int2023; 188: 108844.
14.
AbbasZArslanMSRafiqMY. Enhancement of convective flow in ternary hybrid nanofluid induced by metachronal propulsion. Adv Mech Eng2023; 15(10): 1--13. DOI: 10.1177/16878132231205351
15.
Khashi’ieNSArifinNMPopI. Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) boundary layer flow of hybrid nanofluid over a moving plate with Joule heating. Alex Eng J2022; 61(3): 1938–1945.
16.
JanAMushtaqMHussainM. Heat transfer enhancement of forced convection magnetized cross model ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a stretching cylinder: non-similar analysis. Int J Heat Fluid Flow2024; 106: 109302.
17.
JenaSSwainKIbrahimSM, et al. Three-dimensional MHD rotating flow of radiative nanofluid over a stretched sheet with homogeneous-heterogeneous chemical reactions. J Eng Thermophys2024; 33(2): 336–353.
18.
GargPAlvaradoJLMarshC, et al. An experimental study on the effect of ultrasonication on viscosity and heat transfer performance of multi-wall carbon nanotube-based aqueous nanofluids. Int J Heat Mass Transf2009; 52(21–22): 5090–5101.
19.
PhuocTXMassoudiM. Experimental observations of the effects of shear rates and particle concentration on the viscosity of Fe2O3-deionized water nanofluids. Int J Therm Sci2009; 48: 1294–1301.
20.
HojjatMEtemadSGBagheriR, et al. Rheological characteristics of non-Newtonian nanofluids: Experimental investigation. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2011; 38: 144–148.
21.
KapurJNGuptaRC. Two-dimensional flow of Reiner-Philippoff fluids in the inlet length of a straight channel. Appl Sci Res B1965; 14: 13–24.
22.
NaTY. Boundary layer flow of Reiner-Philippoff fluids. Int J Non Linear Mech1994; 29(6): 871–877.
23.
YamKSHarrisSDInghamDB, et al. Boundary-layer flow of Reiner–Philippoff fluids past a stretching wedge. Int J Non Linear Mech2009; 44(10): 1056–1062.
24.
ReddyMGSudharaniMVVNLKumarKG, et al. Physical aspects of Darcy–Forchheimer flow and dissipative heat transfer of Reiner–Philippoff fluid. J Therm Anal Calorim2020; 141: 829–838.
25.
AhmadA. Flow of Reiner-Philippoff based nano-fluid past a stretching sheet. J Mol Liq2016; 219: 643–646.
26.
AhmadAQasimMAhmedS. Flow of Reiner–Philippoff fluid over a stretching sheet with variable thickness. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng2017; 39: 4469–4473.
27.
TahirMAhmadA. Impact of pseudoplasticity and dilatancy of fluid on peristaltic flow and heat transfer: Reiner-Philippoff fluid model. Adv Mech Eng2020; 12(12): 1–10.
28.
SajidTTanveerSMunsabM, et al. Impact of oxytactic microorganisms and variable species diffusivity on blood-gold Reiner–Philippoff nanofluid. Appl Nanosci2021; 11(1): 321–333.
29.
MaboodFKhanWAIsmailAIM. MHD boundary layer flow and heat transfer of nanofluids over a nonlinear stretching sheet: a numerical study. J Magn Magn Mater2015; 374: 569–576.
30.
ZarakiAGhalambazMChamkhaAJ, et al. Theoretical analysis of natural convection boundary layer heat and mass transfer of nanofluids: effects of size, shape and type of nanoparticles, type of base fluid and working temperature. Adv Powder Technol2015; 26(3): 935–946.
31.
GireeshaBJUmeshaiahMPrasannakumaraBC, et al. Impact of nonlinear thermal radiation on magnetohydrodynamic three-dimensional boundary layer flow of Jeffrey nanofluid over a nonlinearly permeable stretching sheet. Physica A2020; 549: 124051.
32.
KuznetsovAVNieldDA. Natural convective boundary-layer flow of a nanofluid past a vertical plate: a revised model. Int J Therm Sci2014; 77: 126–129.
33.
PattnaikPKJenaSMishraS, et al. Application to differential transform method for MHD fluid flow and heat transfer. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry2022; 13(2): 110.
34.
BhuktaDDashGCMishraSR, et al. Analytical estimation of energy dissipations: viscous, Joulian, and Darcy of viscoelastic fluid flow phenomena over a deformable surface. Heat Transf2021; 50(8): 7798–7816.
35.
AbbasZNaveedMSajidM. Hydromagnetic slip flow of nanofluid over a curved stretching surface with heat generation and thermal radiation. J Mol Liq2016; 215: 756–762.
36.
ImtiazMHayatTAlsaediA. Convective flow of ferrofluid due to a curved stretching surface with homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. Powder Technol2017; 310: 154–162.
37.
IqbalJAbbasiFM. Numerical analysis of heat and mass transfer for forced convection radially magnetized Williamson nanofluid over a curved stretching surface. Numer Heat Transf A Appl2024; 1–17. DOI: 10.1080/10407782.2024.2345862
38.
JanANawazRAhmadA. Non-similar analysis of radially magnetized flow and heat transfer of Reiner–Philippoff based nanofluid over a curved stretching surface with viscous dissipation. Int J Thermofluids2024; 22: 100657.
SparrowEMQuackHBoernerCJ. Local nonsimilarity boundary-layer solutions. AIAA J1970; 8(11): 1936–1942.
41.
BrinkmanHC. The viscosity of concentrated suspensions and solutions. J Chem Phys1952; 20(4): 571–571.
42.
HamiltonRLCrosserOK. Thermal conductivity of heterogeneous two-component systems. Ind Eng Chem Fundam1962; 1(3): 187–191.
43.
LathaKBSReddyMGTripathiD, et al. Computation of stagnation coating flow of electro-conductive ternary Williamson hybrid GO-AU-Co 3 O 4/EO nanofluid with a Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model and magnetic induction. Sci Rep2023; 13(1): 10972.
44.
PrakashaDGSudharaniMVVNLKumarKG, et al. Comparative study of hybrid (graphene/magnesium oxide) and ternary hybrid (graphene/zirconium oxide/magnesium oxide) nanomaterials over a moving plate. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf2023; 140: 106557.
45.
RiazSAfzaalMFWangZ, et al. Numerical heat transfer of non-similar ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over linearly stretching surface. Numer Heat Transf A Appl2023; 85: 4021–4115.
46.
Khashi’ieNSWainiIKasimARM, et al. Magnetohydrodynamic and viscous dissipation effects on radiative heat transfer of non-Newtonian fluid flow past a nonlinearly shrinking sheet: Reiner–Philippoff model. Alex Eng J2022; 61(10): 7605–7617.
