Research on job crafting has demonstrated a more positive effect of an individual’s approach crafting on co-workers and supervisors compared to the effect of avoidance crafting, but how the availability of resources and demands affects this relationship remains unclear. Our study investigates co-workers’ cognitive responses to an individual’s resource-focused job crafting when resources are finite. We applied a scenario-based quasi-experimental research design to test the moderating effect of resource availability on the relationship between an individual’s resource-focused job crafting and co-workers’ evaluation. The results show that co-workers rate avoidance resources crafting as more destructive than approach resources crafting. When an individual steps away from unlimited resources, co-workers perceive the behavior more negatively than they do when the individual avoids limited resources. For approaching resources, the effect is reversed. The study provides insights into co-workers’ responses to job crafting and the influence of contextual factors.
AguinisHBradleyKJ (2014) Best practice recommendations for designing and implementing experimental vignette methodology studies. Organizational Research Methods17(4): 351–371.
2.
AjzenI (1991) The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes50(2): 179–211.
3.
AjzenI (2002) Perceived behavioral control, self-efficacy, locus of control, and the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology32(4): 665–683.
4.
BakkerABDemeroutiE (2007) The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology22(3): 309–328.
5.
BakkerABRodríguez-MuñozASanz VergelAI (2016) Modelling job crafting behaviours: Implications for work engagement. Human Relations69(1): 169–189.
6.
BakkerABTimsMDerksD (2012) Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting and work engagement. Human Relations65(10): 1359–1378.
7.
BanduraAJ (1977) Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NF: Prentice Hall.
8.
BeckMOppKD (2001) Der faktorielle Survey und die Messung von Normen. KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie53(2): 283–306.
9.
BergJMWrzesniewskiADuttonJE (2010) Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior 31(2–3): 158–186.
10.
BippTDemeroutiE (2015) Which employees craft their jobs and how? Basic dimensions of personality and employees’ job crafting behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology88(4): 631–655.
11.
BrenninkmeijerVHekkert-KoningM (2015) To craft or not to craft: The relationships between regulatory focus, job crafting and work outcomes. Career Development International20(2): 147–162.
12.
BrislinRW (1986) The wording and translation of research instruments. In: LonnerWJBerryJW (eds) Field Methods in Cross-Cultural Research. Beverly Hills, CA: SAGE, pp.137–164.
13.
BruningPFCampionMA (2018) A role–resource approach–avoidance model of job crafting: A multimethod integration and extension of job crafting theory. Academy of Management Journal61(2): 499–522.
14.
BruningPFCampionMA (2019) Exploring job crafting: Diagnosing and responding to the ways employees adjust their jobs. Business Horizons62(5): 625–635.
CrantJM (2000) Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management26(3): 435–462.
17.
DierdorffECJensenJM (2018) Crafting in context: Exploring when job crafting is dysfunctional for performance effectiveness. Journal of Applied Psychology103(5): 463–477.
18.
EgeleVSKieferLHStarkR (2021) Faking self-reports of health behavior: A comparison between a within- and a between-subjects design. Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine9(1): 895–916.
19.
ElliotAJ (1999) Approach and avoidance motivation and achievement goals. Educational Psychologist34(3): 169–189.
20.
EvansSCRobertsMCKeeleyJW, et al. (2015) Vignette methodologies for studying clinicians’ decision-making: Validity, utility, and application in ICD-11 field studies. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology15(2): 160–170.
21.
FongCYMTimsMKhapovaSN, et al. (2021) Supervisor reactions to avoidance job crafting: The role of political skill and approach job crafting. Applied Psychology: An International Review70(3): 1209–1241.
22.
GhitulescuBE (2006) Shaping tasks and relationships at work: Examining the antecedents and consequences of employee job crafting. Unpublished dissertation, University of Pittsburgh.
23.
GrantAMParkerSCollinsC (2009) Getting credit for proactive behavior: supervisor reactions depend on what you value and How You Feel. Personnel Psychology62(1): 31–55.
24.
GrantAMWallTD (2009) The neglected science and art of quasi-experimentation: Why-to, when-to, and how-to advice for organizational researchers. Organizational Research Methods12(4): 653–686.
25.
HauserDJSchwarzN (2015) It’s a trap! Instructional manipulation checks prompt systematic thinking on “tricky” tasks. Sage Open5(2): 1–6.
26.
HayesAF (2017) An Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
27.
HigginsET (1997) Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist52(12): 1280–1300.
28.
HobfollSE (1989) Conservation of resources. A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist44(3): 513–524.
29.
HobfollSESchummJA (2002) Conservation of resources theory: Application to public health promotion. In: DiClementeRJCrosbyRAKeglerMC (eds) Emerging Theories in Health Promotion Practice and Research. New York: Jossey-Bass, pp. 285–312.
30.
HornungSRousseauDMGlaserJ, et al. (2010) Beyond top-down and bottom-up work redesign: Customizing job content through idiosyncratic deals. Journal of Organizational Behavior 31(2-3): 187–215.
31.
KulikCTOldhamGRHackmanJR (1987) Work design as an approach to person-environment fit. Journal of Vocational Behavior31(3): 278–296.
32.
KungFYHKwokNBrownDJ (2018) Are attention check questions a threat to scale validity?Applied Psychology67(2): 264–283.
33.
LazazzaraATimsMde GennaroD (2020) The process of reinventing a job: A meta–synthesis of qualitative job crafting research. Journal of Vocational Behavior 116(Part B): 103267.
34.
LeanaCAppelbaumEShevchukI (2009) Work process and quality of care in early childhood education: The role of job crafting. Academy of Management Journal52(6): 1169–1192.
35.
LichtenthalerPWFischbachA (2016) The conceptualization and measurement of job crafting: validation of a German version of the job crafting scale. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie60(4): 173–186.
36.
LichtenthalerPWFischbachA (2019) A meta-analysis on promotion- and prevention-focused job crafting. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology28(1): 30–50.
37.
LopperEHorstmannKTHoppeA (2020) The approach-avoidance job crafting scale: Development and validation of a new measurement. Academy of Management Proceedings2020(1): 1–6.
38.
MäkikangasA (2018) Job crafting profiles and work engagement: A person-centered approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior106(1): 101–111.
39.
ManiaciMRRoggeRD (2014) Caring about carelessness: Participant inattention and its effects on research. Journal of Research in Personality48(1): 61–83.
40.
MorgesonFPHumphreySE (2006) The work design questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology91(6): 1321–1339.
41.
NielsenKAbildgaardJS (2012) The development and validation of a job crafting measure for use with blue-collar workers. Work and Stress26(4): 365–384.
42.
NiessenCWeselerDKostovaP (2016) When and why do individuals craft their jobs? The role of individual motivation and work characteristics for job crafting. Human Relations69(6): 1287–1313.
43.
OldhamGRHackmanJR (2010) Not what it was and not what it will be: The future of job design research. Journal of Organizational Behavior 31(2–3): 463–479.
44.
OuelletteJAWoodW (1998) Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological Bulletin124(1): 54–74.
45.
PeetersMCWArtsRDemeroutiE (2016) The crossover of job crafting between coworkers and its relationship with adaptivity. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology25(6): 819–832.
46.
PetrouPDemeroutiESchaufeliWB (2015) Job crafting in changing organizations: Antecedents and implications for exhaustion and performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology20(4): 470–480.
47.
PetrouPDemeroutiESchaufeliWB (2018) Crafting the change: The role of employee job crafting behaviors for successful organizational change. Journal of Management44(5): 1766–1792.
48.
RoczniewskaMBakkerAB (2016) Who seeks job resources, and who avoids job demands? The link between dark personality traits and job crafting. The Journal of Psychology150(8): 1026–1045.
49.
RofcaninYBerberAKochS, et al. (2016) Job crafting and I-deals: A study testing the nomological network of proactive behaviors. The International Journal of Human Resource Management27(22): 2695–2726.
50.
RudolphCWKatzIMLavigneKN, et al. (2017) Job crafting: A meta-analysis of relationships with individual differences, job characteristics, and work outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior102(1): 112–138.
SheeranPWebbTL (2016) The intention-behavior gap. Social and Personality Psychology Compass10(9): 503–518.
53.
SpencerSJZannaMPFongGT (2005) Establishing a causal chain: Why experiments are often more effective than mediational analyses in examining psychological processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology89(6): 845–851.
54.
StegmannSvan DickRUllrichJ, et al. (2010) Der Work Design Questionnaire – Vorstellung und erste Validierung einer deutschen Version. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie54(1): 1–28.
55.
TimsMBakkerABDerksD (2013a) The impact of job crafting on job demands, job resources, and well-being. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology18(2): 230–240.
56.
TimsMBakkerABDerksD, et al. (2013b) Job crafting at the team and individual level: Implications for work engagement and performance. Group & Organization Management38(4): 427–454.
57.
TimsMBakkerABDerksD (2015a) Job crafting and job performance: A longitudinal study. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology24(6): 914–928.
58.
TimsMBakkerABDerksD (2015b) Examining job crafting from an interpersonal perspective: Is employee job crafting related to the well-being of colleagues?Applied Psychology: An International Review64(4): 727–753.
59.
TimsMBakkerAB (2010) Job crafting: Towards a new model of individual job redesign. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology36(2): 1–9.
60.
TimsMBakkerABDerksD (2012) Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior80(1): 173–186.
61.
TimsMParkerSK (2020) How coworkers attribute, react to, and shape job crafting. Organizational Psychology Review10(1): 29–54.
62.
van WingerdenJBakkerABDerksD (2017) Fostering employee well-being via a job crafting intervention. Journal of Vocational Behavior100(1): 164–174.
63.
WebbTLSheeranP (2006) Does changing behavioral intentions engender behavior change? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Psychological Bulletin132(2): 249–268.
64.
WesselsCSchippersMCStegmannS, et al. (2019) Fostering flexibility in the new world of work: A model of time-spatial job crafting. Frontiers in Psychology10(505): 1–13.
65.
WhitingSWMaynesTDPodsakoffNP, et al. (2012) Effects of message, source, and context on evaluations of employee voice behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology97(1): 159–182.
66.
WrzesniewskiADuttonJE (2001) Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review26(2): 179–201.
67.
ZhangFParkerSK (2019) Reorienting job crafting research: A hierarchical structure of job crafting concepts and integrative review. Journal of Organizational Behavior40(2): 126–146.
