From animal to humans: A review of Coxiella burnetii and its role in zoonotic diseases

Abstract

Coxiella burnetii, the causative agent of Q fever, is a globally distributed zoonotic pathogen with significant implications for public and veterinary health. Its ability to infect a wide range of animal hosts and its potential for aerosolized transmission to humans underscore its role as a critical zoonotic agent. By integrating knowledge across human, animal, and environmental health, this review aims to underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in the management of this complex pathogen. This review provides an in-depth analysis of C. burnetii, focusing on its epidemiology, pathogenesis, and transmission dynamics. Particular emphasis is placed on its role in zoonotic diseases, diagnostic challenges, and strategies for control and prevention. The review also highlights emerging issues such as antimicrobial resistance and the impact of environmental factors on the persistence and spread.

Keywords

Coxiella burnetii zoonotic diseases Q fever animal reservoirs public health

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