Abstract
The revolutionary movement in United Provinces had its beginnings initially under the influence of the anti-Partition movement in Bengal from 1905 onward. It, first, appeared in radical papers established in 1909 in Urdu and Hindi. Initially, it supported Tilak’s National Party with a tinge of Hindu revivalism, but radical socialist views also began to develop under the influence of the Ghadr movement of 1914–15. Despite repression, the 1920s saw a great increase in propaganda and revolutionary activity, especially under the influence of the Soviet Revolution. Bismil, the revolutionary martyr, played a special role in both propaganda and armed activity. The article argues that though the Kakori case ended in the execution of Bismil and his comrades, the propaganda they had carried on had lasting effect on the ideology of the revolutionary movement and the radicalisation of popular feeling in Uttar Pradesh (UP).
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.