Review Article: Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi (Ed.) (2010). The Contemporary Arab Reader on Political Islam and Robin Wright (Ed.) (2012). The Islamists Are Coming: Who They Really Are

Donohue John J. Esposito John L. (2007). Islam in transition: Muslim perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fukuyama Francis (1992). The end of history and the last man. London: Penguin Books.

Hourani Albert (1970). Arabic thought in the liberal age. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Moaddel Mansoor (2005). Islamic modernism, nationalism and fundamentalism: Episode and discourse. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.